DevS is a heme-based sensor kinase required for sensing environmental conditions leading to non-replicating persistence in M. tuberculosis. Kinase activity is observed when the heme is ferrous 5-coordinate high-spin or 6-coordinate low-spin CO or NO complex, but is strongly inhibited in the oxy complex. Discrimination between these exogenous ligands has been proposed to depend on a specific hydrogen bond network with bound oxygen. Here we report resonance Raman data and autophosphorylation assays of wild-type and Y171F DevS in various heme complexes. The Y171F mutation eliminates ligand discrimination for CO, NO and O2, resulting in equally inactive complexes. In contrast, the ferrous-deoxy Y171F variant exhibits equivalent autokinase activity as the wild-type. Raman spectra of the oxy complex of Y171F indicate that the environment of the oxy group is significantly altered from that in the wild-type. They also suggest that a solvent molecule in the distal pocket substitutes for the Tyr hydroxyl group to act as a poorer hydrogen bond donor to the oxy group. The wild-type CO and NO complexes exist as a major population in which the CO or NO groups are free of hydrogen bonds while the Y171F mutation results in a mild increase in the distal pocket polarity. The Y171F mutation has no impact on the proximal environment of the heme, and the activity observed with the 5-coordinate ferrous-deoxy wild-type is conserved in the Y171F variant. Thus, while the absence of an exogenous ligand in the ferrous-deoxy proteins leads to a moderate kinase activity, interactions between Tyr171 and distal diatomic ligands turn the kinase activity ON and OFF. The Y171F mutation disrupts the ON/OFF switch and renders all states with a distal ligand inactive. This mechanistic model is consistent with Tyr171 being required for distal ligand discrimination, but non-essential for autophosphorylation activity.