Resonance interaction energy between two entangled atoms in a photonic bandgap environment

Notararigo, Valentina; Passante, Roberto; Rizzuto, Lucia

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23416-0

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…These investigations have shown how a structured environment, such as a cavity or a medium with periodic refractive index, can be exploited to control and tailor the spontaneous decay, as well as energy shifts of atomic levels, resonance and dispersion interactions between atoms, or the resonant energy transfer between atoms or molecules [21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spontaneous decay of excited atoms in the presence of a driving laser field has been also investigated [15]. Many experiments showing modifications of spontaneous emission of atoms in external environments (a single mirror, optical cavities, photonic crystals and waveguides, for example), have been also performed [16][17][18][19][20].These investigations have shown how a structured environment, such as a cavity or a medium with periodic refractive index, can be exploited to control and tailor the spontaneous decay, as well as energy shifts of atomic levels, resonance and dispersion interactions between atoms, or the resonant energy transfer between atoms or molecules [21][22][23][24][25][26].New interesting features appear when the boundary conditions on the field, or some relevant parameter of the system, change in time. Dynamical environments, whose optical properties change periodically in time, have been recently investigated, in particular in connection with the dynamical Casimir and Casimir-Polder effects [27][28][29][30].…”

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Spontaneous Emission of an Atom Near an Oscillating Mirror

et al. 2019

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We investigate the spontaneous emission of one atom placed near an oscillating reflecting plate. We consider the atom modeled as a two-level system, interacting with the quantum electromagnetic field in the vacuum state, in the presence of the oscillating mirror. We suppose that the plate oscillates adiabatically, so that the time-dependence of the interaction Hamiltonian is entirely enclosed in the time-dependent mode functions, satisfying the boundary conditions at the plate surface, at any given time. Using time-dependent perturbation theory, we evaluate the transition rate to the ground-state of the atom, and show that it depends on the time-dependent atom-plate distance. We also show that the presence of the oscillating mirror significantly affects the physical features of the spontaneous emission of the atom, in particular the spectrum of the emitted radiation. Specifically, we find the appearance of two symmetric lateral peaks in the spectrum, not present in the case of a static mirror, due to the modulated environment. The two lateral peaks are separated from the central peak by the modulation frequency, and we discuss the possibility to observe them with actual experimental techniques of dynamical mirrors and atomic trapping. Our results indicate that a dynamical (i.e. time-modulated) environment can give new possibilities to control and manipulate also other radiative processes of two or more atoms or molecules nearby, for example their cooperative decay or the resonant energy transfer. I. INTRODUCTIONRecent advances in quantum optics techniques and atomic physics have opened new perspectives for cavity quantum electrodynamics and solid state physics, making possible engineering systems with a tunable atom-photon coupling. Nowadays, the possibility to tailor and control radiative processes through suitable environments is of crucial importance in many different areas, ranging from condensed matter physics to quantum optics and quantum information theory [1,2].One of the most fundamental quantum processes is the spontaneous emission of radiation by atoms [3]. Purcell in 1946 first suggested that spontaneous emission is not an unvarying property of the atoms, but it can be controlled (enhanced or inhibited) through the environment [4]. Physical properties of spontaneously emitted radiation depend strongly on the environment where the atom is placed: modifying the photon density of states and vacuum field fluctuations allows to change the spontaneous emission rate [5,6]. Many physical systems have been explored in the literature to investigate this important process. These include, for example, atoms in cavities or waveguides [5,[7][8][9][10], quantum dots in photonic crystals or in a medium with a photonic band gap [11][12][13], and quantum emitters in metamaterials [14]. Spontaneous decay of excited atoms in the presence of a driving laser field has been also investigated [15]. Many experiments showing modifications of spontaneous emission of atoms in external environments (a single mirror, optical cavit...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

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Spontaneous Emission of an Atom Near an Oscillating Mirror

et al. 2019

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“…Resonance interactions, and the related Förster energy transfer [55], have been extensively investigated in the literature [56]. The possibility to manipulate (enhance or inhibit) the dispersion and resonance interactions through a structured environment has been also recently investigated [57][58][59][60][61].We consider two atoms moving with the same uniform proper acceleration in a direction parallel to a reflecting boundary and interacting with the quantum scalar and the electromagnetic field in the vacuum state. Following a procedure originally introduced by Dalibard, 63], we identify the contribution of self reaction and vacuum fluctuations to the resonance energy shift of the two accelerated atoms [25,39,44,64].…”

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Resonance Dipole-Dipole Interaction Between Two Accelerated Atoms in the Presence of a Reflecting Plane Boundary

Zhou

Passante²,

Rizzuto³

2018

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We study the resonant dipole-dipole interaction energy between two non-inertial identical atoms, one excited and the other in the ground state, prepared in a correlated Bell-type state, and interacting with the scalar field or the electromagnetic field nearby a perfectly reflecting plate. We suppose the two atoms move with the same uniform acceleration, parallel to the plane boundary, and that their separation is constant during the motion. By separating the contributions of radiation reaction field and vacuum fluctuations to the resonance energy shift of the two-atom system, we show that Unruh thermal fluctuations do not affect the resonance interaction, which is exclusively related to the radiation reaction field. However, non-thermal effects of acceleration in the radiation-reaction contribution, beyond the Unruh acceleration-temperature equivalence, affect the resonance interaction energy. By considering specific geometric configurations of the two-atom system relative to the plate, we show that the presence of the mirror significantly modifies the resonance interaction energy between the two accelerated atoms. In particular, we find that new and different features appear with respect to the case of atoms in the free-space, related to the presence of the boundary and to the peculiar structure of the quantum electromagnetic field vacuum in the locally inertial frame. Our results suggest the possibility to exploit the resonance interaction between accelerated atoms as a probe for detecting the elusive effects of atomic acceleration on radiative processes. * zhouwenting@nbu.edu.cn † roberto.passante@unipa.it ‡ lucia.rizzuto@unipa.it been argued that the Unruh effect is a fundamental requirement to ensure the consistency of quantum field theory [19]. In any case, a direct verification of the effect, and in general of acceleration-dependent effects, could allow us to solve some fundamental controversies about its physical interpretation.Recently, the effects of an accelerated motion on the radiative properties of atoms/molecules in vacuum have been discussed in the literature [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Changes in the spontaneous emission rate [20,[27][28][29] or in the Lamb shift of single uniformly accelerating atoms [21,22], as well as the dispersion Casimir-Polder interaction between a uniformly accelerated atom and a reflecting plate [30][31][32][33][34] or between two uniformly accelerated atoms [35,36], have been investigated, and their relation with the Unruh effect was discussed. The effect of non-equilibrium boundaries on radiative properties of atoms has been also considered [37,38].Another, albeit related, problem, recently addressed in the literature, concerns the equivalence between acceleration and temperature. For example, it has been discussed that non-thermal features (related to a uniform acceleration) manifest in the dispersion (van der Waals/Casimir-Polder) and resonance interaction between non inertial atoms in the free-space [25,26,36,39]. These investigations reveal that the effects of a ...

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“…This process is of considerable importance in many different fields of physics, as well as in chemistry or biology, where coherent energy transfer between chromophores is supposed related to the very high efficiency in light-harvesting observed in the photosynthesis process [3,4]. It is also directly related to the resonance interaction force, that is a force resulting from the photon exchange between two atoms in the vacuum space, one excited and the other in the ground state, prepared in their symmetric or antisymmetric state [2,5]. In the energy transfer process, the excitation, initially localised on one atom (donor), is transferred to the other atom (acceptor) through the electromagnetic field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonance energy transfer between two atoms in a conducting cylindrical waveguide

2018

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We consider the energy transfer process between two identical atoms placed inside a perfectly conducting cylindrical waveguide. We first introduce a general analytical expression of the energy transfer amplitude in terms of the electromagnetic Green's tensor; we then evaluate it in the case of a cylindrical waveguide made of a perfect conductor, for which analytical expressions of the Green's tensor exist. We numerically analyse the energy transfer amplitude when the radius of the waveguide is such that the transition frequency of both atoms is below the lower cutoff frequency of the waveguide, so that the resonant photon exchange is strongly suppressed. We consider both cases of atomic dipoles parallel and orthogonal to the axis of the guide. In both cases, we find that the energy transfer is modified by the presence of the waveguide. In the near zone, that is when the atomic separation is smaller than the atomic transition wavelength, the change, with respect to the free-space case, is small for axial dipoles, while it is larger for radial dipoles; it grows when the intermediate region between near and far zone is approached. In the far zone, we find that the energy transfer amplitude is strongly suppressed by the waveguide, becoming virtually zero. A physical interpretation of these results is discussed. Finally, we discuss the resonance interaction energy and force between two identical correlated atoms in the waveguide, one excited and the other in the ground state, prepared in their symmetric or antisymmetric superposition.

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Resonance interaction energy between two entangled atoms in a photonic bandgap environment

Cited by 22 publications

References 57 publications

Spontaneous Emission of an Atom Near an Oscillating Mirror

Spontaneous Emission of an Atom Near an Oscillating Mirror

Resonance Dipole-Dipole Interaction Between Two Accelerated Atoms in the Presence of a Reflecting Plane Boundary

Resonance energy transfer between two atoms in a conducting cylindrical waveguide

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