Resonance Instability of Photovoltaic E-Bike Charging Stations: Control Parameters Analysis, Modeling and Experiment

Abstract

This article presents an in-situ comparative analysis and power quality tests of a newly developed photovoltaic charging system for e-bikes. The various control methods of the inverter are modeled and a single-phase grid-connected inverter is tested under different conditions. Models are constituted for two current control methods; the proportional resonance and the synchronous rotating frames. In order to determine the influence of the control parameters, the system is analyzed analytically in the time domain as well as in the frequency domain by simulation. The tests indicated the resonance instability of the photovoltaic inverter. The passivity impedance-based stability criterion is applied in order to analyze the phenomenon of resonance instability. In conclusion, the phase-locked loop (PLL) bandwidth and control parameters of the current loop have a major effect on the output admittance of the inverter, which should be adjusted to make the system stable.

Systematic stability analysis, evaluation and testing process, and platform for grid-connected power electronic equipment

“…6, the power electronic equipment on the left is composed of a controlled ideal current source H c i ref and a parallel impedance Z inv , and the power system on the right is composed of an ideal voltage source e and a grid impedance Z grid . Its stability can be obtained by applying the Nyquist stability criterion to the open-loop transfer function from grid impedance and parallel impedance of power electronic equipment [48]. For a power system with multiple power electronic equipment, such as a small scale system, by extending this model in Fig.…”

“…Its grid-side converter uses the Grid Following concept. Its control strategy is the vector oriented control [48] based on synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop [25], and the reference current is provided by DC voltage control loop and reactive power control loop. Its generator-side converter is connected to a wind turbine model, which is simulated in real-time via power amplifier 1.…”

Sustainable E-Bike Charging Station That Enables AC, DC and Wireless Charging from Solar Energy

“…The most common design for a solar e-bike charging station is to use the AC low voltage grid for power exchange between the PV and the EV. A solar inverter with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) feeds the solar power to the AC grid [15][16][17][18][19]. A standard e-bike AC power adapter is then used for e-bike charging.…”

“…Lastly, two key features that distinguish the charging station are the physical design of the structure and the use of energy storage. The usual method to install solar panels is to place them on the parking lot or the rooftop or façade of buildings, while the less common technique is to use a dedicated solar park-port [15][16][17]36]. The critical design tradeoffs are the cabling losses, construction/installation costs, accessibility, and need for large electrical cabinets to store the electronics.…”

Designing innovative pv-powered applications for the urban environment: a design-driven multidisciplinary approach

“…Within the framework for the development and implementation of sustainable energy systems, smart energy products and services (SEPS) are set to play a key role. These solutions can support the active participation of end users in balancing energy demand and supply in the electricity network [189] by creating an environment where energy use is flexible [190]- [192], efficient, reliable [193], sustainable and costeffective [65]. Examples of SEPS include smart meters, smart appliances, electric and fuel cell vehicles [194], [195], residential energy storage systems [196], [197], and home energy management systems (HEMS) [48] among others.…”