Resolving the structure of the striped Ge layer on 
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Ag</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>111</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>:</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>Ag</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mi>Ge</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>
 surface alloy with alternate fcc and hcp domains

Zhang, K.; Sciacca, Davide; Coati, Alessandro; Bernard, Romain; Borensztein, Y.; Diener, P.; Grandidier, B.; Lefèbvre, Isabelle; Derivaz, M.; Pirri, C.; Prévot, Geoffroy

doi:10.1103/physrevb.104.155403

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The periodicity found is caused by a compression of the uppermost layer, which fits exactly into mold of a structural model of the striped phases proposed by Zhang et al. 31 . The complex but significant distinction between the alloy phase and the striped phase will be discussed further in “ XPS ” by their electronic structure.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…This strain leads to a modulation in the electron density which was observed as stripes in several STM studies 26 , 28 , 32 , 35 , 45 . Many descriptions of this superstructure for the striped phase have been published 26 , 29 , 31 . Here, a superstructure of with three domains fully satisfies the LEED pattern, as visualized in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proposed structure model by Zhang et al. allows to identify three groups of atoms 31 , each with different chemical environments, that can be attributed to the three components found in the XPS spectra. The asymmetry parameter of for both alloy phases shows the metallic character of the Ge-formations, which might be a result of the strong interaction to the metallic Ag-substrate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overview of XPD simulations for proposed test structures of germanene on Ag(111), before and after modification by the genetic algorithm. The tested structure models are based on theoretical structures for freestanding germanene and recent publications 10 , 31 – 34 . …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first experimental study on thin films of epitaxially grown germanium on Ag(111) mainly reported a surface alloy at a coverage of , arranged in a reconstruction 23 , 24 . However, this alloy phase at a layer thickness of germanium is still controversially discussed to form reconstructions of a 25 – 28 , a 29 , a with a Moiré pattern of 30 , or a rectangular 31 . It was also considered as a striped phase (SP) due to tensile strains of the uppermost layer 32 with a long-range order of 26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracing the structural evolution of quasi-freestanding germanene on Ag(111)

Kesper

Hochhaus

Schmitz

et al. 2022

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In the last decade, research on 2D materials has expanded massively due to the popularity of graphene. Although the chemical engineering of two-dimensional elemental materials as well as heterostructures has been extensively pursued, the fundamental understanding of the synthesis of 2D materials is not yet complete. Structural parameters, such as buckling or the interface structure of a 2D material to the substrate directly affect its electronic characteristics. In order to proceed the understanding of the element-specific growth and the associated ability of tuning material properties of two-dimensional materials, we performed a study on the structural evolution of the promising 2D material germanene on Ag(111). This study provides a survey of germanium formations at different layer thicknesses right up to the arising of quasi-freestanding germanene. Using powerful surface analysis tools like low-energy electron diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron diffraction with synchrotron radiation, we will reveal the internal and interfacial structure of all discovered germanium phases. Moreover, we will present models of the atomic and chemical structure of a $$\hbox {Ag}_2\hbox {Ge}$$ Ag 2 Ge surface alloy and the quasi-freestanding germanene with special focus on the structural parameters and electronic interaction at the interface.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Tracing the structural evolution of quasi-freestanding germanene on Ag(111)

Kesper

Hochhaus

Schmitz

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Structure of Germanene/Al(111): A Two-Layer Surface Alloy

et al. 2021

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Unlike silicene, for which the demonstration of its existence has been done through numerous independent studies, the possibility of growing epitaxial germanene remains highly controversial. It has been recently shown by scanning tunneling microscopy that the (3 × 3) surface reconstruction formed upon Ge deposition on Al(111) presents a honeycomb structure, and it was assigned to a pure germanene monolayer. Using quantitative measurements by surface X-ray diffraction compared to density functional theory calculations, we demonstrate that this Ge/Al(111) (3 × 3) reconstruction corresponds, in fact, to a mixed Ge–Al honeycomb layer on top of an alloyed interfacial layer. The model of a germanene monolayer on top of the Al(111) surface can be completely excluded.

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The Ground State of Epitaxial Germanene on Ag(111)

et al. 2023

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Two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattices beyond graphene, such as germanene, appear very promising due to their outstanding electronic properties, such as the quantum spin Hall effects. While there have been many claims of germanene monolayers up to now, no experimental evidence of a honeycomb structure has been provided up to now for these grown monolayers. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD), and density functional theory, we have elucidated the Ge-induced reconstruction on Ag(111). We demonstrate that a powerful algorithm combining SXRD with STM allows us to solve a giant surface reconstruction with more than a hundred atoms per unit cell. Its extensive unit cell indeed consists of 98 2-fold or 3-fold coordinated Ge atoms, forming a periodic arrangement of pentagons, hexagons, and heptagons, with the inclusion of six dispersed Ag atoms. By analogy, we show that the reconstruction obtained by segregation of Ge through an epitaxial Ag/Ge(111) film possesses a similar structure, i.e., Ge pentagons/hexagons/heptagons with a few Ag atoms. Such an organization is more stable than that of pure Ge monolayers and can be assigned to the ground state of epitaxial germanene.

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Resolving the structure of the striped Ge layer on Ag(111):Ag2Ge surface alloy with alternate fcc and hcp domains

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Tracing the structural evolution of quasi-freestanding germanene on Ag(111)

Tracing the structural evolution of quasi-freestanding germanene on Ag(111)

Structure of Germanene/Al(111): A Two-Layer Surface Alloy

The Ground State of Epitaxial Germanene on Ag(111)

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