Resolving the Paradox of Colon Cancer Through the Integration of Genetics, Immunology, and the Microbiota

Fidelle, Marine; Yonekura, Satoru; Picard, Marion; Cogdill, Alexandria P.; Hollebecque, Antoine; Roberti, María Paula; Zitvogel, Laurence

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.600886

Cited by 46 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 284 publications

(388 reference statements)

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“…CRC initiation and progression often involve organization of bacterial communities into biofilms [ 229 ]. In fact, mucosal-invasive bacterial biofilms are identified on the colon mucosa of approximately 50% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and approximately 13% of healthy subjects [ 230 ]. In a 2019 mouse study, Tomkovich et al [ 231 ] showed that mucosal biofilms, whether from tumor hosts or healthy individuals undergoing screening colonoscopy, are carcinogenic in murine models of CRC.…”

Section: Tumor Microenvironmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Involvement in Progression and Metastasis of Colorectal Neoplasia

Seely

Morgan

Hagenstein

et al. 2022

Cancers

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While the gut microbiome is composed of numerous bacteria, specific bacteria within the gut may play a significant role in carcinogenesis, progression, and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Certain microbial species are known to be associated with specific cancers; however, the interrelationship between bacteria and metastasis is still enigmatic. Mounting evidence suggests that bacteria participate in cancer organotropism during solid tumor metastasis. A critical review of the literature was conducted to better characterize what is known about bacteria populating a distant site and whether a tumor depends upon the same microenvironment during or after metastasis. The processes of carcinogenesis, tumor growth and metastatic spread in the setting of bacterial infection were examined in detail. The literature was scrutinized to discover the role of the lymphatic and venous systems in tumor metastasis and how microbes affect these processes. Some bacteria have a potent ability to enhance epithelial–mesenchymal transition, a critical step in the metastatic cascade. Bacteria also can modify the microenvironment and the local immune profile at a metastatic site. Early targeted antibiotic therapy should be further investigated as a measure to prevent metastatic spread in the setting of bacterial infection.

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Section: Tumor Microenvironmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Involvement in Progression and Metastasis of Colorectal Neoplasia

Seely

Morgan

Hagenstein

et al. 2022

Cancers

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“…Fidelle et al used cytotoxicants to adjust the ileal microbiome to immunogenic bacteria. This manipulation leads to a conversation between productive Tfh and B cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes, which ultimately leads to a tumor-specific memory CD8 + T cell response and restores sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors [ 79 ]. It was observed in the mouse tumor model that a gel made of inulin can regulate the intestinal microbial group, induce systemic memory T cell responses and amplify the antitumor activity of the checkpoint inhibitor antiprogrammed cell death protein-1 ( α -PD-1).…”

Section: Application Of Gut Microbiota In Tumor Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Gut Microbiota in Tumor Immunotherapy

Bai

et al. 2021

Journal of Immunology Research

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Tumor immunotherapy is the fourth therapy after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. It has made great breakthroughs in the treatment of some epithelial tumors and hematological tumors. However, its adverse reactions are common or even more serious, and the response rate in some solid tumors is not satisfactory. With the maturity of genomics and metabolomics technologies, the effect of intestinal microbiota in tumor development and treatment has gradually been recognized. The microbiota may affect tumor immunity by regulating the host immune system and tumor microenvironment. Some bacteria help fight tumors by activating immunity, while some bacteria mediate immunosuppression to help cancer cells escape from the immune system. More and more studies have revealed that the effects and complications of tumor immunotherapy are related to the composition of the gut microbiota. The composition of the intestinal microbiota that is sensitive to treatment or prone to adverse reactions has certain characteristics. These characteristics may be used as biomarkers to predict the prognosis of immunotherapy and may also be developed as “immune potentiators” to assist immunotherapy. Some clinical and preclinical studies have proved that microbial intervention, including microbial transplantation, can improve the sensitivity of immunotherapy or reduce adverse reactions to a certain extent. With the development of gene editing technology and nanotechnology, the design and development of engineered bacteria that contribute to immunotherapy has become a new research hotspot. Based on the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and immunotherapy, the correct mining of microbial information and the development of reasonable and feasible microbial intervention methods are expected to optimize tumor immunotherapy to a large extent and bring new breakthroughs in tumor treatment.

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“…CRC is a typical tumor infiltrated by effector memory lymphocytes, yet there have been no major breakthroughs in clinical prognosis and immunotherapy ( 4 ). It is essential to elucidate the immune environment of CRC to improve current treatment strategies and prognosis for CRC patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment and Treatment Strategies in Colorectal Cancer

Chen

Zheng

2021

Front. Immunol.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the second highest mortality rate among all cancers worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, molecular targeting and other treatment methods have significantly prolonged the survival of patients with CRC. Recently, the emergence of tumor immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has brought new immunotherapy options for the treatment of advanced CRC. As the efficacy of ICIs is closely related to the tumor immune microenvironment (TME), it is necessary to clarify the relationship between the immune microenvironment of CRC and the efficacy of immunotherapy to ensure that the appropriate drugs are selected. We herein review the latest research progress in the immune microenvironment and strategies related to immunotherapy for CRC. We hope that this review helps in the selection of appropriate treatment strategies for CRC patients.

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Resolving the Paradox of Colon Cancer Through the Integration of Genetics, Immunology, and the Microbiota

Cited by 46 publications

References 284 publications

Bacterial Involvement in Progression and Metastasis of Colorectal Neoplasia

Bacterial Involvement in Progression and Metastasis of Colorectal Neoplasia

The Role of Gut Microbiota in Tumor Immunotherapy

The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment and Treatment Strategies in Colorectal Cancer

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