Resolving the Origin of the Petrogenic Hydrocarbon Background in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Boehm, Paul D.; Page, David S.; Burns, William A.; Bence, A. E.; Mankiewicz, Paul J.; Brown, John H.

doi:10.1021/es001421j

Cited by 100 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Several authors [30][31][32][33] have argued that non-Exxon Valdez sources of PAHs are more abundant and more likely to induce CYP1A responses than residual Exxon Valdez oil. However, the spatial correspondence between elevated CYP1A induction and history of contamination during the Exxon Valdez oil spill strongly suggests causation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochrome P4501A biomarker indication of oil exposure in harlequin ducks up to 20 years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill

Esler

Trust

Ballachey

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Hydrocarbon-inducible cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) expression was measured, as ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, in livers of wintering harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) captured in areas of Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA, oiled by the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill and in birds from nearby unoiled areas, during 2005 to 2009 (up to 20 years following the spill). The present work repeated studies conducted in 1998 that demonstrated that in harlequin ducks using areas that received Exxon Valdez oil, EROD activity was elevated nearly a decade after the spill. The present findings strongly supported the conclusion that average levels of hepatic EROD activity were higher in ducks from oiled areas than those from unoiled areas during 2005 to 2009. This result was consistent across four sampling periods; furthermore, results generated from two independent laboratories using paired liver samples from one of the sampling periods were similar. The EROD activity did not vary in relation to age, sex, or body mass of individuals, nor did it vary strongly by season in birds collected early and late in the winter of 2006 to 2007, indicating that these factors did not confound inferences about observed differences between oiled and unoiled areas. We interpret these results to indicate that harlequin ducks continued to be exposed to residual Exxon Valdez oil up to 20 years after the original spill. This adds to a growing body of literature suggesting that oil spills have the potential to affect wildlife for much longer time frames than previously assumed. Environ. Toxicol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochrome P4501A biomarker indication of oil exposure in harlequin ducks up to 20 years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill

Esler

Trust

Ballachey

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…a hopanogram) may yield information on the particular source and has been used to determine specific oils (e.g. Boehm et al, 2001;Bartolomé et al, 2007;Saha et al, 2009). Due to a large number of isomers and low biomarker levels in more recent sediments, GC-MS analysis of biomarkers requires a fine-tuned analytical method and a thorough sample purification procedure.…”

Section: Mpi-1=189(2-mp+3-mp)/[p+126(1-mp+9-mp)]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Petroleum-related hydrocarbons in deep and subsurface sediments from South-Western Barents Sea

Boitsov

Петрова

Jensen

et al. 2011

Marine Environmental Research

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Havforskningsinstituttets institusjonelle arkiv Brage IMR - Institutional repository of the Institute of Marine Research b r a g e i m rDette er forfatters siste versjon av den fagfellevurderte artikkelen, vanligvis omtalt som postprint. I Brage IMR er denne artikkelen ikke publisert med forlagets layout fordi forlaget ikke tillater dette. Du finner lenke til forlagets versjon i Brage-posten. Det anbefales at referanser til artikkelen hentes fra forlagets side. Ved lenking til artikkelen skal det lenkes til post i Brage IMR, ikke direkte til pdf-fil.This is the author's last version of the article after peer review and is not the publisher's version, usually referred to as postprint. You will find a link to the publisher's version in Brage IMR. It is recommended that you obtain the references from the publisher's site.Linking to the article should be to the Brage-record, not directly to the pdf-file. AbstractSubsurface sediments from a pockmark area in South-Western Barents Sea have been earlier found to contain elevated levels of petroleum-related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This work describes a comprehensive analysis of various biomarkers, including the highly sourcespecific hopanes, in a 4.5 m long gravity core from the same area, together with subsurface sediment samples from other areas in the region without pockmarks present ("background samples"). A clear difference between the pockmark gravity core and the background sediment cores was found, both with regard to genesis and the level of transformation of organic matter. A number of indicator parameters, such as methylphenanthrene index (MPI-1), point towards a significantly higher maturity of hydrocarbons in the pockmark core throughout its length as compared to the other sampled locations. Higher contents of microbial hopanoids (hopenes) may indicate the former presence of petroleum. These findings confirm the hypothesis of a natural hydrocarbon source in the deeper strata present in the studied location with pockmarks.

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“…The results of scienti®c studies show that there are numerous sources of natural and anthropogenic PAH not associated with the spill in PWS sediments (Page et al, 1995(Page et al, , 1996(Page et al, , 1999aKvenvolden et al, 1995;Bence et al, 1996;Burns et al, 1997;Boehm et al, 1997Boehm et al, , 2001Page et al, 1999a). Chemical analyses of nearshore and oshore PWS subtidal sediment samples identi®ed ®ve important general PAH sources (Page et al, 1995(Page et al, , 1996:…”

Section: Hydrocarbon Sources In Pwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This regional petrogenic hydrocarbon background is derived from eroding Tertiary sediments and seep oil residues in areas east of PWS. At GOA sites o the Bering and Duktoth Rivers, coal is an important component in the sediments locally (Boehm et al, 2001. However, kerogens derived from the eroding shales and seep oil residues are generally the dominant constituents of the petrogenic hydrocarbons present in the benthic sediments of PWS (Page et al, 1995(Page et al, , 1996Bence et al, 1996;Boehm et al, 2001 (Lethcoe and Lethcoe, 1994).…”

Section: Hydrocarbon Sources In Pwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At GOA sites o the Bering and Duktoth Rivers, coal is an important component in the sediments locally (Boehm et al, 2001. However, kerogens derived from the eroding shales and seep oil residues are generally the dominant constituents of the petrogenic hydrocarbons present in the benthic sediments of PWS (Page et al, 1995(Page et al, , 1996Bence et al, 1996;Boehm et al, 2001 (Lethcoe and Lethcoe, 1994). Large quantities of Monterey petroleum were released from ruptured storage tanks at many locations in PWS during the 1964 earthquake and residues have been identi®ed on shorelines and in embayment locations throughout western PWS (Kvenvolden et al, 1995;Bence et al, 1996).…”

Section: Hydrocarbon Sources In Pwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Holistic Approach to Hydrocarbon Source Allocation in the Subtidal Sediments of Prince William Sound, Alaska, Embayments

Page

Bence

Burns³

et al. 2002

Environmental Forensics

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Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska has an extensive history of human and industrial activity that has produced a complex organic geochemistry record in subtidal sediments of embayments throughout the sound. In addition to contributions from recent oil spills and a regional background of natural petroleum hydrocarbons originating from active hydrocarbon systems in the northern Gulf of Alaska (GOA), pyrogenic and petrogenic PAH were, and continue to be introduced to subtidal sediments at numerous sites of past and present human activities. These sites include villages, ®sh hatcheries, ®sh camps and recreational campsites in addition to abandoned settlements, canneries, sawmills, and mines. A holistic approach is used to ®ngerprint and quantify hydrocarbon contributions from multiple sources in a sediment sample. It involves acquiring a comprehensive understanding of the history of the area to identify potential sources, collection of representative samples, and accurate quantitative analyses of the source and sediment samples for a suite of diagnostic PAH analytes and chemical biomarker compounds. Unlike the deepwater sediments of the sound and GOA, the TOC tool, described elsewhere, does not work as well in some restricted embayments due to their high contents of recent organic matter (ROM). The current study employs a constrained least-squares algorithm to allocate hydrocarbon sources contributing to subtidal sediments collected from PWS embayments in 1991, 1999 and 2000. Results show that sources contributing to the natural petrogenic background are present in the embayments, pyrogenic hydrocarbons including combustion products of diesel are important where human activity was high, and petroleum produced from the Monterey Formation (CA) is present locally. Oil and asphalt shipped from California were widely used for fuel and construction prior to development of the Cook Inlet and North Slope ®elds. In certain locations that were oiled in 1989, low levels of highly degraded Alaska North Slope crude oil residues attributable to the Exxon Valdez spill remain.

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Resolving the Origin of the Petrogenic Hydrocarbon Background in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Cited by 100 publications

References 20 publications

Cytochrome P4501A biomarker indication of oil exposure in harlequin ducks up to 20 years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill

Cytochrome P4501A biomarker indication of oil exposure in harlequin ducks up to 20 years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill

Petroleum-related hydrocarbons in deep and subsurface sediments from South-Western Barents Sea

A Holistic Approach to Hydrocarbon Source Allocation in the Subtidal Sediments of Prince William Sound, Alaska, Embayments

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