Resolving the <I>Diplodia</I> complex on apple and other <I>Rosaceae</I> hosts

Abstract

Diplodia species are known as pathogens on many woody hosts, including fruit trees, worldwide. In this study a collection of Diplodia isolates obtained mostly from apple and other Rosaceae hosts were identified based on morphological characters and DNA sequence data from ITS and EF1-α loci. The results show that the diversity of species associated with twig and branch cankers and fruit rot of apples is larger than previously recognised. Four species were identified, namely D. seriata and D. malorum (which is here reinstated for isolates with D. mutila-like conidia). Diplodia intermedia sp. nov. is closely related to D. seriata, and D. bulgarica sp. nov. is morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from all Diplodia species reported from apples.

One stop shop: backbones trees for important phytopathogenic genera: I (2014)

“…Based on DNA sequence data (single or multimarker) and minor differences in conidial morphology, there are currently about 20 Diplodia species (de Wet et al 2003;Alves et al 2004Alves et al , 2006Gure et al 2005;Damm et al 2007;Lazzizera et al 2008;Pérez et al 2010;Jami et al 2012;Phillips et al 2012Phillips et al , 2013Linaldeddu et al 2013;Lynch et al 2013). The phylogenetic analysis was performed based on up to date holotype or ex-epitype sequence data available in GenBank (Table 10).…”

“…Diplodia scrobiculata was differentiated from D. sapinea on the basis of multiple gene genealogies inferred from six protein coding genes and six microsatellite loci (de Wet et al 2003). Diplodia africana (Damm et al 2007), D. olivarum (Lazzizera et al 2008) and D. cupressi ) have been differentiated from D. mutila on the basis of formation of distinct clades in phylogenies based on ITS and TEF sequence data and due to their unique conidial morphology (Phillips et al 2012).…”

“…Cryptic speciation is common in the genus Diplodia, which makes species identification difficult if only based on morphological characters (Phillips et al 2012. Denman et al (2000) suggested that Lasiodiplodia could be a synonym of Diplodia, however recent studies accepted them as distinct genera (Pavlic et al 2004;Burgess et al 2006;Damm et al 2007;Alves et al 2008).…”

Botryosphaeriaceae associated with the die-back of ornamental trees in the Western Balkans

“…B. dothidea, Dothiorella iberica and Dothiorella parva have been found associated with dying Ostrya carpinifolia, Cotinus coggygria and Juniperus communis in Slovenia (Piškur et al 2011;Pavlic-Zupanc et al 2015). Botryosphaeriaceae members have also been reported from fruit trees in the Western Balkans region, including Diplodia bulgarica on apple trees in Bulgaria (Phillips et al 2012), B. dothidea on apple fruit in Serbia and olives in Montenegro (Latinović et al 2013;Vasić et al 2013), N. parvum on grapevine in Croatia and Diplodia seriata on shrubs of Cotoneaster salicifolius in Bulgaria and on olives in Croatia (Bobev et al 2008;Kaliterna et al 2012Kaliterna et al , 2013. On forest and ornamental trees in the Western Balkans, B. dothidea, Diplodia sapinea and Sphaeropsis visci have been identified, but the identification of species was based solely on morphological characteristics and is uncertain (Karadžić et al 2000(Karadžić et al , 2004Karadžić and Milijašević 2008).…”

High Incidence of Preharvest Colonization of Huanglongbing-Symptomatic Citrus sinensis Fruit by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Diplodia natalensis) and Exacerbation of Postharvest Fruit Decay by That Fungus

“…(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Infection of fruits by diplodia often leads to soft brown rot shortly before or after harvest (19,20), while infection of trees causes distension and disruption of cell walls and thus weakens the strength of the wood (12).…”