Resolving the debate over birth order, family size, and intelligence.

Rodgers, Joseph Lee; Cleveland, H. Harrington; Oord, Edwin van den; Rowe, David C.

doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.6.599

Cited by 212 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…within mothers) and unrelated children (e.g. Rodgers, Cleveland, van den Oord, & Rowe, 2000). However, when children were compared with their siblings who differed in their exposure to SDP, the offspring did not differ with respect to conduct and oppositional defiant problems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If SDP truly caused CP, the association would be found at all three levels of the analysis, particularly when comparing siblings (e.g. Rodgers, Cleveland, van den Oord, & Rowe, 2000). Table 6 Figure 1 notes the small association between SDP and offspring ADHP when siblings who differed in their exposure to prenatal nicotine were compared.…”

Section: Association Between Sdp and Child Behavior Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, children exposed to greater SDP can be compared to their own siblings exposed to more or less SDP. This within-mother effect controls for genetic and environmental factors shared by children with & Rowe, 2000). Second, the externalizing problems of children of adult siblings who differ in their average level of SDP can be compared.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If SDP causes offspring externalizing problems, the association would be present when siblings who differ in their exposure to prenatal nicotine are compared (e.g. Rodgers, Cleveland, van den Oord, & Rowe, 2000). Second, the externalizing problems of children of adult siblings who differ in their average level of SDP can be compared.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoking during pregnancy and offspring externalizing problems: An exploration of genetic and environmental confounds

et al. 2008

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Previous studies have documented that smoking during pregnancy (SDP) is associated with offspring externalizing problems, even when measured covariates were used to control for possible confounds. However, the association may be due to non-measured environmental and genetic factors that increase risk for offspring externalizing problems. The current project used the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and their children, ages 4-10 years, to explore the relations between SDP and offspring conduct problems (CP), oppositional-defiant problems (ODP), and attention deficit hyperactivity problems (ADHP) using methodological and statistical controls for confounds. When offspring were compared to their own siblings who differed in their exposure to prenatal nicotine, there was no effect of SDP on offspring CP and ODP. This suggests that SDP does not have a causal effect on offspring CP and ODP. There was a small association between SDP and ADHP, consistent with a causal effect of SDP, but the magnitude of the association was greatly reduced by methodological and statistical controls. Genetically informed analyses suggest that unmeasured environmental variables influencing both SDP and offspring externalizing behaviors account for the previously observed associations. That is, the current analyses imply that important unidentified environmental factors account for the association between SDP and offspring externalizing problems, not teratogenic effects of SDP. Keywordssmoking during pregnancy; conduct problems; externalizing problems; ADHD; children of twins; causation Smoking during pregnancy (SDP) has been consistently linked with externalizing problems in offspring, particularly in males (reviews in Cnattingius, 2004;Huizink & Mulder, 2005;Wakschlag & Hans, 2002;Wakschlag, Pickett, Cook, Benowitz, & Leventhal, 2002). SDP has been associated with parent-reported conduct problems (Ernst, 2001), arrest history from national crime registries (Brennan, Grekin, & Mednick, 1999;Rasanen et al., 1999), contact 2 All correspondence should be sent to: Brian D'Onofrio, PhD, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405, bmdonofr@indiana.edu. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptDev Psychopathol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 August 08. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscriptwith police obtained by city police records (Gibson, Piquero, & Tibbets, 2000), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (Wakschlag & Keenan, 2001), Conduct Disorder (Fergusson, Woodward, & Horwood, 1998;Wakschlag & Hans, 2002;Wakschlag & Keenan, 2001;Wakschlag et al., 1997;Weissman, Warner, Wickramaratne, & Kandel, 1999) and Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (Mick, Biederman, Faraone, Sayer, & Kleinman, 2002;Rodriguez & Bohlin, 2005).Reviews of the literature note that the association is consistent with a causal connection because the association is specific to externalizing problems, has been found across diverse samples and measures, demonstr...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Association Between Sdp and Child Behavior Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoking during pregnancy and offspring externalizing problems: An exploration of genetic and environmental confounds

et al. 2008

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“…Niska inteligencija vodi slabom uspehu u školi koji, sa svoje strane, značajno doprinosi kriminalnom ponašanju (Wilson & Herstein, 1985). Po nekim mišljenjima, razlike u intelektualnim potencijalima počivaju pre na razlikama u sredinskom miljeu nego na razlikama u samoj biološkoj osnovi (Rogers, Cleveland, van den Oorg, & Rowe, 2000).…”

Section: Značaj Amoralnosti I Različitih Socio-ekonomskih čInilacaunclassified

Perpetrators of thefts, perpetrators of robberies and persons with no criminal record: The differences in amorality and socio-economic characteristics

Vukosavljević-Gvozden¹,

Dražić²,

Tenjović³

2014

Psihol istra

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Cilj rada jeste ispitivanje razlika u pogledu amoralnosti i socioekonomskih obeležja između osuđenika i osoba koje nisu osuđivane, kao i između dveju grupa osuđenika -počinilaca krađa i počinilaca razbojništava. Uzorak je činilo 100 osuđenika muškog pola (51 osuđen za krivično delo krađe, a 49 za razbojništvo) i 100 osoba muškog pola koje nisu osuđivane a ne razlikuju se od grupe osuđenika po uzrastu. Ispitanici su popunili Upitnik amoralnosti AMRL15 i Upitnik za ispitivanje socioekonomskih karakteristika. Rezultati deskriptivne diskriminacione analize ukazuju na to da osuđenici u odnosu na neosuđivane osobe imaju izraženije gotovo sve dimenzije amoralnosti, a posebno dve dimenzije u okviru amoralnosti indukovane impulsivnošću, kao i nepovoljnije materijalno stanje porodice. S druge strane, osobe osuđene za krađu karakterišu nešto viši skorovi na dve dimenzije u okviru amoralnosti podstaknute brutalnošću, dok osobe osuđene za razbojništva karakterišu povišen antropološki pesimizam i izraženiji problemi unutar primarne porodice u vidu mentalnih oboljenja roditelja. Opšti zaključak je da postoje razlike između tri grupe kako u pogledu amoralnosti, tako i u pogledu socioekonomskih karakteristika.Ključne reči: amoralnost, vršenje krivičnih dela, socioekonomski status 1 Rad je nastao kao rezultat rada na projektu "Identifikacija, merenje i razvoj kognitivnih i emocionalnih kompetencija važnih društvu orijentisanom na evropske integracije" (179018) koji finansira Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije 2

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Familial Confounding of the Association Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Offspring Criminality

D’Onofrio

Singh

Iliadou

et al. 2010

Arch Gen Psychiatry

108

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Context The association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (SDP) and offspring disruptive behaviors has been well documented, but it is unclear whether exposure to SDP or the effects of factors correlated with SDP account for the increased risk. Objective To test whether the association between SDP and offspring criminal convictions was consistent with a causal connection or due to familial background factors by controlling for measured covariates and using a quasi-experimental approach. Design We used a population-based study of children born in Sweden from 1983–1989 (N=609,372) to examine the association between SDP and offspring criminal convictions, while controlling for measured traits of both parents. We also compared siblings differentially exposed to SDP (N=50,339) to account for unmeasured familial factors that could account for the association. Setting Population-based study of all children born in Sweden from 1983–1989 with information on maternal SDP and offspring criminal convictions, based on national registries collected by the Swedish government. Main Outcome Measures Violent and nonviolent convictions, based on the Swedish National Crime Register, a register with detailed information on all convictions in the country. Results Moderate (HR=2.47, CI=2.34–2.60) and high levels (HR=3.43, CI=3.25–3.63) of maternal SDP was associated with an increased risk for offspring violent convictions, even when controlling for maternal and paternal traits. There was no association between SDP and violent convictions, however, when comparing differentially exposed siblings (HRmoderate=1.02, CI=0.79–1.30; HRhigh=1.03, CI=0.78–1.37). SDP also was associated with nonviolent convictions in the entire population (HRmoderate=1.62, CI=1.58–1.66; HRhigh=1.87, CI=1.82–1.92) and when controlling for covariates. But, there was no association when comparing siblings who were differentially exposed (HRmoderate=0.89, CI=0.78–1.01; HRhigh=0.89, CI=0.78–1.02). Conclusions The results suggest that familial background factors account for the association between maternal SDP and criminal convictions, not the specific exposure to SDP.

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Resolving the debate over birth order, family size, and intelligence.

Cited by 212 publications

References 35 publications

Smoking during pregnancy and offspring externalizing problems: An exploration of genetic and environmental confounds

Smoking during pregnancy and offspring externalizing problems: An exploration of genetic and environmental confounds

Perpetrators of thefts, perpetrators of robberies and persons with no criminal record: The differences in amorality and socio-economic characteristics

Familial Confounding of the Association Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Offspring Criminality

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