Resolving the biological role of the Rhesus (Rh) proteins of red blood cells with the aid of a green alga

Lieman-Hurwitz, Judy; Tchernov, Dan

doi:10.1073/pnas.0402527101

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This is in line with previous reports in C. elegans or in other organisms (7,29) and suggests that their role in allowing CO 2 to enter cells is evolutionarily conserved.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Elevated CO ₂ levels affect development, motility, and fertility and extend life span in Caenorhabditis elegans

Sharabi

Hurwitz

Simon

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Hypercapnia (high CO2 levels) occurs in a number of lung diseases and it is associated with worse outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). However, it is largely unknown how hypercapnia is sensed and responds in nonneuronal cells. Here, we used C. elegans to study the response to nonanesthetic CO 2 levels and show that levels exceeding 9% induce aberrant motility that is accompanied by age-dependent deterioration of body muscle organization, slowed development, reduced fertility and increased life span. These effects occur independently of the IGF-R, dietary restriction, egg laying or mitochondrial-induced aging pathways. Transcriptional profiling analysis shows specific and dynamic changes in gene expression after 1, 6, or 72 h of exposure to 19% CO 2 including increased transcription of several 7-transmembrane domain and innate immunity genes and a reduction in transcription of many of the MSP genes. Together, these results suggest specific physiological and molecular responses to hypercapnia, which appear to be independent of early heat shock and HIF mediated pathways.aging ͉ gene expression ͉ hypercapnia ͉ muscle deterioration ͉ physiology T he internal environment of a living organism self-regulates CO 2 /H ϩ . In mammals the lungs are the organs that dispose of excess CO 2 produced in the different tissues by adjusting the ventilatory pattern. Hypercapnia occurs in a number of lung disease states and usually reflects hypoventilation inadequate gas exchange. Some investigators have proposed that high CO 2 levels had beneficial effects in models of acute lung injury and proposed the term ''permissive hypercapnia'' and even ''therapeutic hypercapnia'' (1, 2). However, more recent studies have suggested that high pCO 2 can cause oxidative stress in the lung, and injury (3). More recently it has been reported that in rat lungs and human epithelial cells, high pCO 2 decreased alveolar fluid clearance independently of pH and ROS (4, 5). In some reports it has been shown that CO 2 uptake involves the aquaporin and RH1 channels (6, 7). In red blood cells, the RH1 complex also functions as an ammonium transporter (8). The sensing of CO 2 levels in the brain involves CO 2 /H ϩ chemoreceptors. CO 2 chemoreceptors were also identified in the central and peripheral nervous system and pulmonary vascular tissues (9, 10). However, very little is known about what senses the CO 2 levels and how these tissues respond to hypercapnia. The effect of low pH (acidosis) in kidney and lung cells can be altogether separated from that of high CO 2 /HCO 3 Ϫ (4, 11). The genetically tractable model organism, C. elegans, is a very powerful system in which to investigate cellular sensing and response to CO 2 . Despite being an invertebrate, C. elegans has differentiated tissues including hypodermis, epidermis, muscle, nervous system and others. Also demonstrated is the importance of evolutionary conserved genes in studying diseases and specific biological processes including hypoxia, longevity, and others.Recent ...

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“…This is in line with previous reports in C. elegans or in other organisms (7,29) and suggests that their role in allowing CO 2 to enter cells is evolutionarily conserved.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…More recently it has been reported that in rat lungs and human epithelial cells, high pCO 2 decreased alveolar fluid clearance independently of pH and ROS (4,5). In some reports it has been shown that CO 2 uptake involves the aquaporin and RH1 channels (6,7). In red blood cells, the RH1 complex also functions as an ammonium transporter (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated CO ₂ levels affect development, motility, and fertility and extend life span in Caenorhabditis elegans

Sharabi

Hurwitz

Simon

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Other evidence indicates that Rh proteins transport CO 2 (Kaplan et al, 2004; Soupene et al, 2004). Direct studies of CO 2 /HCO 3 − transport in RBC indicated that DIDS markedly decreased transport of CO 2 and suggested that Rh and Band-3 may be coupled functionally.…”

Section: Function Of Rh Glycoproteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of mammalian Rh glycoproteins (SLC42 transporters) and their role in acid–base transport

Nakhoul¹,

Hamm²

2013

Molecular Aspects of Medicine

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The mammalian Rh glycoproteins belong to the solute transporter family SLC42 and include RhAG, present in red blood cells, and two non-erythroid members RhBG and RhCG that are expressed in various tissues, including kidney, liver, skin and the GI tract. The Rh proteins in the red blood cell form an “Rh complex” made up of one D-subunit, one CE-subunit and two RhAG subunits. The Rh complex has a well-known antigenic effect but also contributes to the stability of the red cell membrane. RhBG and RhCG are related to the NH4+ transporters of the yeast and bacteria but their exact function is yet to be determined. This review describes the expression and molecular properties of these membrane proteins and their potential role as NH3/NH4+ and CO2 transporters. The likelihood that these proteins transport gases such as CO2 or NH3 is novel and significant. The review also describes the physiological importance of these proteins and their relevance to human disease.

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“…A search for a common biological role for Rh antigens in different organisms has engendered much debate [15]. expression of the RH1 gene in the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is increased in hypercapnia (3 % CO 2 ) in comparison to ambient conditions (0.03 % CO 2 ) [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…expression of the RH1 gene in the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is increased in hypercapnia (3 % CO 2 ) in comparison to ambient conditions (0.03 % CO 2 ) [16]. Growth of C. reinhardtii in high CO 2 is hindered by repression of RH1 [15]. For these reasons it was proposed that Rhesus proteins may act as carbon dioxide channels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide-sensing in organisms and its implications for human disease

Cummins

Selfridge

Sporn

et al. 2013

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

116

117

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The capacity of organisms to sense changes in the levels of internal and external gases and to respond accordingly is central to a range of physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. Carbon dioxide, a primary product of oxidative metabolism is one such gas that can be sensed by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and in response to altered levels, elicit the activation of multiple adaptive pathways. The outcomes of activating CO2-sensitive pathways in various species include increased virulence of fungal and bacterial pathogens, prey-seeking behavior in insects as well as taste perception, lung function, and the control of immunity in mammals. In this review, we discuss what is known about the mechanisms underpinning CO2 sensing across a range of species and consider the implications of this for physiology, disease progression, and the possibility of developing new therapeutics for inflammatory and infectious disease.

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Resolving the biological role of the Rhesus (Rh) proteins of red blood cells with the aid of a green alga

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Elevated CO ₂ levels affect development, motility, and fertility and extend life span in Caenorhabditis elegans

Elevated CO ₂ levels affect development, motility, and fertility and extend life span in Caenorhabditis elegans

Characteristics of mammalian Rh glycoproteins (SLC42 transporters) and their role in acid–base transport

Carbon dioxide-sensing in organisms and its implications for human disease

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Resolving the biological role of the Rhesus (Rh) proteins of red blood cells with the aid of a green alga

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Elevated CO 2 levels affect development, motility, and fertility and extend life span in Caenorhabditis elegans

Elevated CO 2 levels affect development, motility, and fertility and extend life span in Caenorhabditis elegans

Characteristics of mammalian Rh glycoproteins (SLC42 transporters) and their role in acid–base transport

Carbon dioxide-sensing in organisms and its implications for human disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Elevated CO ₂ levels affect development, motility, and fertility and extend life span in Caenorhabditis elegans

Elevated CO ₂ levels affect development, motility, and fertility and extend life span in Caenorhabditis elegans