Resolving Source Geometry of the 24 August 2016 Amatrice, Central Italy, Earthquake from InSAR Data and 3D Finite‐Element Modeling

Tung, S.; Masterlark, T.

doi:10.1785/0120170139

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This stress regime is also compatible with the T axis of the 30 October fault plane solution (Figure , http://cnt.rm.ingv.it/) and with the regional ~N60°‐directed extension in Central Apennines, related to the relative motion between the Adriatic microplate and the Tyrrhenian coastal region (D'Agostino, ; D'Agostino et al, , Devoti et al ; inset Figure ). The amount of coseismic slip at depth, derived from the 30 October rupture model, inverted from strong‐motion data (Chiaraluce et al, ) and geodetic data (Tinti et al, ; Cheloni et al, ; Pizzi et al, ; Tung & Masterlark, ), is comparable in magnitude with our derived values of surface coseismic displacements. Moreover, the near‐field results yielded from our geodetic benchmarks are in agreement and can be extrapolated to the south‐westward far‐field GPS permanent stations showing the predominance of subsidence between the footwall and the hangingwall, coherent with a normal faulting dislocation profile (Figure ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…For 30 October event, Villani et al () further constrain that the average coseismic throw derived from all the mapped ruptures is ∼0.3 m, with more than 2 km of these ruptures displaying >1‐m average throw and a local maxima reaching up to ∼2.4–2.6 m along the main Monte Vettore fault scarp. The distribution and the magnitude of the coseismic slip at depth have been quantified in rupture models both for 24 August and 30 October events, inverted from strong‐motion data (Chiaraluce et al, ) and InSAR and GPS data (Cheloni et al, ; Pizzi et al, ; Tinti et al, ; Tung & Masterlark, ). All those models converge toward a similar scenario: 24 August event involved a bilateral rupture characterized by two main rupturing patches, associated with peak of slip of at most 1 m on the northern portion of the 50°SW‐dipping Monte Gorzano fault and on the southern segments of the 40°SW‐dipping Monte Vettore fault, both segments possibly merging into a single fault plane at about 4–6‐km depth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coseismic Slip Vectors of 24 August and 30 October 2016 Earthquakes in Central Italy: Oblique Slip and Regional Kinematic Implications

et al. 2018

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After 24 August and 30 October 2016 central Italy earthquakes (Mw 6.0 and 6.5, respectively), photogrammetry and geodetic survey were performed at various sites along a 6-km-long portion of the rupturing Monte Vettore fault system, providing very high-resolution georeferenced 3-D point clouds and imagery of the 24 August rupture and a data set of bedrock fault scarp before/after the 30 October earthquake. The maximum coseismic displacement for both events occurs near Scoglio dell' Aquila with an average normal dip slip of 22 ± 4 and 184 ± 6 cm, respectively. Coseismic slip vectors and meter-scale corrugation axis are oriented N280 ± 10°on the~N140°striking main Vettore fault involving oblique normal slip with a right-lateral component and N205 ± 10°on~N170°fault strands implying oblique normal slip with a left-lateral component. We quantify the near-field coseismic displacements of the Monte Vettore fault for the 30 October event: the footwall has been translated horizontally by 42 ± 2 cm toward the ENE and uplifted by 11 ± 2 cm. The hangingwall has moved horizontally by 26 ± 2 cm, toward the NW, in a direction parallel to the fault plane and subsided by 116 ± 2 cm. The fault geometry and our determined surface coseismic slip vectors are mechanically compatible with a σ3 = N65 ± 15°. This stress regime is consistent with the 30 October 2016 focal mechanism and the relative motion between the Adriatic microplate and the Tyrrhenian coastal region. The 30 October surface rupture results from seismic slip at depth and thus has a tectonic origin. Plain Language SummaryAfter 24 August and 30 October 2016 central Italy earthquakes, we acquire a very high-resolution data set of the effect of the fault at the surface before and after the 30 October earthquake. Those data sets allow quantifying the motion of each compartment on both side of the fault during the earthquake and the direction of this motion. The footwall has been translated horizontally by 42 ± 2 cm toward the ENE and uplifted by 11 ± 2 cm. The hangingwall has moved horizontally by 26 ± 2 cm, toward the NW, and subsided by 116 ± 2 cm. These results are consistent with the seismic data and suggest that surface ruptures observed are resulting from seismic slip at depth.In 2016, Italy was struck by an earthquake sequence that lasted several months with three shocks on 24 August, Mw = 6.0; 26 October, Mw = 5.9; and 30 October, Mw = 6.5 (Figure 1). This sequence occurred in Central Apennines, where NW-SE striking normal fault systems are accommodating~4 mm/year of PEROUSE ET AL. 3760

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coseismic Slip Vectors of 24 August and 30 October 2016 Earthquakes in Central Italy: Oblique Slip and Regional Kinematic Implications

et al. 2018

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“…The 24 August and the 30 October coseismic slip pattern may be further analyzed in comparison with coseismic slip reconstructed at earthquake sources depth. In the literature, are available the source parameters and the slip fields obtained, for both events, through inversion of DinSAR and GPS measurements (Xu et al, , for the three events with M w > 5.5; Tung & Musterlark, , for only the 24 August earthquake) as well as the 3‐D reconstruction of the entire VBF activated by the two events (Lavecchia et al, , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Resolution Field Mapping and Analysis of the August–October 2016 Coseismic Surface Faulting (Central Italy Earthquakes): Slip Distribution, Parameterization, and Comparison With Global Earthquakes

et al. 2019

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We focus on the coseismic surface faulting exposed along the Mt. Vettore-Mt. Bove fault system (VBF, central Italy), that activated during the 24 August 2016, Amatrice earthquake (M w 6.0) and soon after reactivated during the 26 October Visso (M w 5.9) and 30 October Norcia events (M w 6.5 mainshock). We systematically recognized the coseismic surface ruptures of the aforesaid earthquakes, which document the repeated surface faulting on the same seismogenic structure in close temporal succession. We surveyed 1,747 evidence of coseismic ruptures, 325 fault plane attitudes along the Vettoretto-Redentore segment, and over 4,000 data along the entire VBF that were organized in a GIS-database. This data set allowed us to estimate the coseismic surface rupture length (SRL), maximum (MD) and average (AD) displacement associated with the M w 6.0 and M w 6.5 events. We found that the SRL and MD associated with the former are respectively 5.8 km and 28.5 cm and AD reaches 12.7 cm. For the mainshock, the values of SRL ≥ 22 km and MD = 222 cm were measured. The cumulative, post-30 October parameters are SRL = 30 km, MD = 240 cm, AD = 36 cm. Despite that the MD of the M w 6.0 event differs by~1 order of magnitude respect to the mainshock MD, the two slip profiles display a similar multiscale sinuosity showing a significant control of the long-term fault segmentation on the coseismic rupturing. Comparing the obtained coseismic parameters with literature global earthquakes data highlights some peculiarities of the 2016 central Italy surface rupture pattern, which suggest caution in applying empirical relationships to highly segmented seismogenic faults.

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“…The 2016 Amatrice and Norcia mainshocks (24 August and 30 October, respectively; Figure 1b; Chiaraluce et al, 2017;Falcucci et al, 2018) involved significant pore pressure changes and fluid movement, both at deep and shallow crustal levels (De Luca et al, 2018;Petitta et al, 2018;Tung & Masterlark, 2018), which were preceded by hydrogeochemical anomalies recorded since April 2016 in the springs of the central Apennines (Barberio et al, 2017;De Luca et al, 2018). Increases in the concentrations of arsenic and vanadium were recorded in groundwater issuing from springs monitored in the Sulmona area (S1 to S7 in Figure 1b), roughly 70 km to the southeast of the epicentral area and in a spring within the epicentral area (S8 in Figure 1b; Barberio et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO₂ Inflow and Elements Desorption Prior to a Seismic Sequence, Amatrice‐Norcia 2016, Italy

Boschetti

Barbieri

Barberio

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The 2016 Mw ≥ 6.0 Amatrice‐Norcia earthquakes (central Apennines, Italy) and the related seismic sequence were associated with increases in arsenic and vanadium concentrations recorded in groundwater springs a few months before the earthquakes occurred. To evaluate these signals as reliable seismic precursors and effective predictive tools, we studied the geochemical processes that caused these anomalies. Using chemical and isotope models, we show that increased concentrations of arsenic and vanadium, a slight increase in boron concentrations, and a concomitant lowering of the boron isotope ratio may be due to mineral desorption (e.g., from iron oxides and/or clays). We argue that a displacing effect on the trace elements sorbed on minerals was triggered by an excess of deep CO2 in groundwater, which occurred prior to the main seismic event as a result of preseismic crustal dilation. Our observations confirm the pivotal role of CO2 in the release of trace elements by alteration of solid phases and provide a new understanding of earthquake‐related water chemical anomalies.

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Resolving Source Geometry of the 24 August 2016 Amatrice, Central Italy, Earthquake from InSAR Data and 3D Finite‐Element Modeling

Cited by 30 publications

References 51 publications

Coseismic Slip Vectors of 24 August and 30 October 2016 Earthquakes in Central Italy: Oblique Slip and Regional Kinematic Implications

Coseismic Slip Vectors of 24 August and 30 October 2016 Earthquakes in Central Italy: Oblique Slip and Regional Kinematic Implications

High‐Resolution Field Mapping and Analysis of the August–October 2016 Coseismic Surface Faulting (Central Italy Earthquakes): Slip Distribution, Parameterization, and Comparison With Global Earthquakes

CO₂ Inflow and Elements Desorption Prior to a Seismic Sequence, Amatrice‐Norcia 2016, Italy

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Resolving Source Geometry of the 24 August 2016 Amatrice, Central Italy, Earthquake from InSAR Data and 3D Finite‐Element Modeling

Cited by 30 publications

References 51 publications

Coseismic Slip Vectors of 24 August and 30 October 2016 Earthquakes in Central Italy: Oblique Slip and Regional Kinematic Implications

Coseismic Slip Vectors of 24 August and 30 October 2016 Earthquakes in Central Italy: Oblique Slip and Regional Kinematic Implications

High‐Resolution Field Mapping and Analysis of the August–October 2016 Coseismic Surface Faulting (Central Italy Earthquakes): Slip Distribution, Parameterization, and Comparison With Global Earthquakes

CO2 Inflow and Elements Desorption Prior to a Seismic Sequence, Amatrice‐Norcia 2016, Italy

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CO₂ Inflow and Elements Desorption Prior to a Seismic Sequence, Amatrice‐Norcia 2016, Italy