ResolvingBovine viral diarrhea virussubtypes from persistently infected U.S. beef calves with complete genome sequence

Abstract

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is classified into 2 genotypes, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, each of which contains distinct subtypes with genetic and antigenic variation. To effectively control BVDV by vaccination, it is important to know which subtypes of the virus are circulating and how their prevalence is changing over time. Accordingly, the purpose of our study was to estimate the current prevalence and diversity of BVDV subtypes from persistently infected (PI) beef calves in the central United States. Phylogenetic analysis of the 5'-UTR (5' untranslated region) for 119 virus strains revealed that a majority (82%) belonged to genotype 1b, and the remaining strains were distributed between genotypes 1a (9%) and 2 (8%); however, BVDV-2 subtypes could not be confidently resolved. Therefore, to better define the variability of U.S. BVDV isolates and further investigate the division of BVDV-2 isolates into subtypes, complete genome sequences were obtained for these isolates as well as representatives of BVDV-1a and -1b. Phylogenetic analyses of the complete coding sequence provided more conclusive genetic classification and revealed that U.S. BVDV-2 isolates belong to at least 3 distinct genetic groups that are statistically supported by both complete and individual coding gene analyses. These results show that a more complex set of BVDV-2 subtypes has been circulating in this region than was previously thought.

HoBi-like is the most prevalent ruminant pestivirus in Northeastern Brazil

“…At least one of these regions was sequenced from each isolate, and all strains generated herein were classified as HoBi-like viruses (Figure 2). The predominance of HoBi-like viruses observed in the present study contrasted with previous reports from Brazil (Silveira et al, 2017), South America (Jones et al, 2001;Maya et al, 2016), North America (Workman et al, 2016), Europe (Giammarioli, Ceglie et al, 2015;Tajima et al, 2001), Asia (Nagai et al, 2001;Zhang et al, 2014) and Australia (Ridpath, Fulton, Kirkland, & Neill, 2010), with BVDV-1 being the most prevalent pestivirus detected. A similar study was conducted in Southern Brazil, where BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 were detected; however, HoBi-like viruses were not present .…”

“…Understanding the genetic diversity of pestiviruses in a country is essential to the development of regional control programmes (Dubovi, ; Fulton, ). Thus far, BVDV‐1 is the most prevalent pestivirus species identified worldwide; however, the proportion of bovine pestivirus species varies by geographic region (Abe et al., ; Booth et al., ; Giammarioli, Ceglie et al ., ; Jones, Zandomeni, & Weber, ; Maya et al., ; Nagai et al., ; Weber et al., ; Workman et al., ). Brazil has several distinct geographic regions and a large agroindustry based on cattle production (IBGE, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, ; USDA – FAS, United States Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, ).…”

“…Understanding the genetic diversity of pestiviruses in a country is essential to the development of regional control programmes (Dubovi, 2013;Fulton, 2015). Thus far, BVDV-1 is the most prevalent pestivirus species identified worldwide; however, the proportion of bovine pestivirus species varies by geographic region (Abe et al, 2016;Booth et al, 2013;Giammarioli, Ceglie et al, 2015;Jones, Zandomeni, & Weber, 2001;Maya et al, 2016;Nagai et al, 2004;Weber et al, 2014;Workman et al, 2016)…”

Identificación de bovinos persistentemente infectados y genotipo del virus de la diarrea viral en bovinos de Anta, Cusco, Perú

“…La diarrea viral bovina (DVB) es una enfermedad endémica de la población de rumiantes domésticos y silvestres, pues desde que emergió en 1946 ha sido registrada en bovinos de todos los continentes, excepto en la Antártida (Ridpath, 2010). La enfermedad de DVB es causante de severas pérdidas económicas por afectar el desempeño reproductivo, así como el tracto respiratorio e inmunitario del animal (Grooms, 2004;Workman et al, 2016). La sintomatología clínica de la enfermedad ha variado en el transcurso de las últimas siete décadas, siendo en la actualidad principalmente de tipo aguda caracterizada por una ligera reducción en la producción de leche, ligero incremento de otras enfermedades en el hato, etc., y de tipo subclínica siendo usualmente no percibida para el ganadero (Ridpath, 2010).…”

Selection and characterization of specific nanobody against bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) E2 protein

“…The genome of BVDV is about 12.2–12.5 kbp in length including the 5’ and 3’ UTR and a large open reading frame (ORF) that is present in the genome and comprises four structural proteins (C / P14, E0 / gp48, E1 / gp25, E2 / gp53) and eight kinds of non-structural proteins (P20 / Npro, P7, P125 / (NS2-3 / NS3), P10 / NS4A, P30 / NS4B, P58 / NS5A, P75 / NS5B)[9, 10]. The BVDV-E2 protein is an envelope glycoprotein that is the main site of virus and host cell recognition and adsorption, contains the major antigenic determinants and includes more diversity than any other viral protein[11, 12].…”