Resolvable- and Subgrid-Scale Measurement in the Atmospheric Surface Layer: Technique and Issues

Tong, Chenning; Wyngaard, J. C.; Khanna, Samir; Brasseur, James G.

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<3114:rassmi>2.0.co;2

Cited by 62 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Probability density functions of the components of the SGS stress tensor calculated with two-dimensional filtering (dashed line) and three-dimensional filtering (solid line) for (a) line represents the two-dimensional filtered estimate, and the solid line represents the component calculated with a three-dimensional filter. For all three components, the two-dimensional filtered estimate has larger tails in the PDF indicating a greater degree of intermittency, in agreement with the findings of Tong et al (1998) in their analysis of LES data. The same trend, increased intermittency in the SGS stress components, was seen using the box filter in all directions (not shown).…”

Section: Sgs Stress and Filtered Strain Rate Componentssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Now both two-and three-dimensional filterings give similar results in both magnitude and structure. Note that all previous experiments and analyses (Tong et al 1999(Tong et al , 1998Porté-Agel et al 1998, 2000a,b, 2001aHiggins et al 2003;Horst et al 2004;Kleissl et al 2003) are performed with the two-dimensional horizontal filtering technique.…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To investigate the characteristics of subgridscale (SGS) variables and to evaluate closure models for large eddy simulation (LES), several field experiments have recently been performed in the atmospheric surface layer using various horizontal arrays of sonic anemometers (Tong et al 1999(Tong et al , 1998Porté-Agel et al 2000a,b, 2001aHiggins et al 2003Higgins et al , 2004Horst et al 2004;Kleissl et al 2003Kleissl et al , 2004Sullivan et al 2003). In these experiments, two-dimensional filtering was used to compute the components of the SGS stress tensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The assumption inherent in all the analyses of the field data is that two-dimensional filtering is an appropriate surrogate for the three-dimensional filtering that is applied to Navier-Stokes equations to derive the LES equation set. Tong et al (1998) addressed this issue using LES of the atmospheric boundary layer, and showed that the reduction in filter dimension increased the variance of the LES variables by 10%-14%. Here, we extend the analysis of Tong et al using field data from a 2002 field campaign in Utah that was designed to allow for threedimensional filtering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Filter Dimension on the Subgrid-Scale Stress, Heat Flux, and Tensor Alignments in the Atmospheric Surface Layer

Higgins

Meneveau

Parlange

2007

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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In field experiments designed to study subgrid-scale parameterizations for large eddy simulation, the flow field is often measured and then filtered in two-dimensional planes. This two-dimensional filtering serves as a surrogate for three-dimensional filtering. The question of whether this will yield accurate results in subgrid-scale (SGS) models is addressed by analyzing data from a field experiment in which 16 sonic anemometers were deployed in a four by four grid. The experiment was held in July 2002 at the Surface Layer Turbulence and Environmental Science Test (SLTEST) facility in the Utah West Desert. The full SGS stress tensor and its parameterizations using both two-and three-dimensional filterings are obtained. Comparisons are given between two-and three-dimensional filterings of the field measurements based on probability density functions (PDFs) and energy spectra of the SGS stress elements. The PDFs reveal that quantities calculated with two-dimensional filtering exhibit greater intermittency than those computed with three-dimensional filtering at the same scale. From the spectra it is observed that the different filtering methods result in similar behavior, but that spectra of SGS stress components computed with a threedimensional filter roll off at a slightly lower wavenumber than those computed with a two-dimensional filter. The PDFs and spectra of the stresses calculated with two-and three-dimensional filters can be made to collapse by reducing the three-dimensional filter scale according to ⌬ 3ϪD ϭ 0.84⌬ 2ϪD . Geometric alignment analyses are performed for the SGS heat flux, SGS stress, and filtered strain rate for the cases of stable, near-neutral, and unstable atmospheric stabilities. Under unstable and near-neutral atmospheric stability, two-dimensional filtering yields acceptable results; however, under stable atmospheric stability, a new approach is recommended and delineated.

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Section: Sgs Stress and Filtered Strain Rate Componentssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Effect of Filter Dimension on the Subgrid-Scale Stress, Heat Flux, and Tensor Alignments in the Atmospheric Surface Layer

Higgins

Meneveau

Parlange

2007

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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“…Here we use one-dimensional averaging in the streamwise direction. A two-dimensional averaging technique using a sensor array developed by Tong et al [27] has been used previously to study velocity increments [9]. In this averaging technique, the streamwise averaging was performed by invoking Taylor's hypothesis and the cross-stream averaging was realized with a number of sensors (three in [9]) aligned in the cross-stream direction (figure 1).…”

Section: Experimental Facilities and Flow Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On conditional scalar increment and joint velocity–scalar increment statistics

Zhang

Wang

Tong³

2004

New J. Phys.

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An a priori study of the subfilter‐scale conservation equations for the stably stratified atmospheric surface layer

Ramachandran

Wyngaard

2013

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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We perform an a priori analysis of the subfilter-scale (SFS) conservation equations for the stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Using data from the Horizontal Array Turbulence Studies (HATS) experiment, we build on previous studies by exploring in greater detail the scale dependence of the mean and root-mean-square (r.m.s.) values of the production terms in the SFS stress and flux budgets. Our analysis shows production terms that are the dominant generation mechanisms for the SFS stresses and fluxes in conditions of under-resolved turbulence, also contribute significantly to their fluctuation levels. From the fluctuation levels of the production terms, we infer that fluctuations in terms other than the production terms (i.e. advection, transport and destruction) must be associated with strong auto-correlations or cross-correlations (with the production terms) for filter widths much finer than the length-scale for the most energetic eddies. For filter widths too coarse to resolve the most energetic eddies, we are unable either to confirm or rule out this possibility.The dominant production terms in the SFS stress budgets, upon suitable scaling, exhibit limiting values as we approach the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) limit, i.e. when the turbulence resides entirely at the subfilter scales. The values in the RANS limit agree well with both existing analytical arguments and a previous LES study of the moderately convective ABL. The agreement between a priori and a posteriori statistics suggests consistency between the two methods is achievable in the RANS limit with the appropriate choice of scaling parameters.

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Resolvable- and Subgrid-Scale Measurement in the Atmospheric Surface Layer: Technique and Issues

Cited by 62 publications

References 27 publications

The Effect of Filter Dimension on the Subgrid-Scale Stress, Heat Flux, and Tensor Alignments in the Atmospheric Surface Layer

The Effect of Filter Dimension on the Subgrid-Scale Stress, Heat Flux, and Tensor Alignments in the Atmospheric Surface Layer

On conditional scalar increment and joint velocity–scalar increment statistics

An a priori study of the subfilter‐scale conservation equations for the stably stratified atmospheric surface layer

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