Resolution of lutein and zeaxanthin using a non-endcapped, lightly carbon-loaded C18 high-performance liquid chromatographic column

Gilmore, Adam M.; Yamamoto, Harry Y.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)95762-0

Cited by 429 publications

(269 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Extracts were separated by HPLC with a Spherisorb ODS-1 analytical column (S.P.E. ), modified from Gilmore and Yamamoto (1991) as described in detail by Krol et al (2002). Total Chl and total carotenoids were estimated spectrophotometrically according to Lichtenthaler (1987).…”

Section: Photosynthetic Pigmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Air Temperature during Simulated Autumn Conditions Does Not Increase Photosynthetic Carbon Gain But Affects the Dissipation of Excess Energy in Seedlings of the Evergreen Conifer Jack Pine

2007

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Temperature and daylength act as environmental signals that determine the length of the growing season in boreal evergreen conifers. Climate change might affect the seasonal development of these trees, as they will experience naturally decreasing daylength during autumn, while at the same time warmer air temperature will maintain photosynthesis and respiration. We characterized the down-regulation of photosynthetic gas exchange and the mechanisms involved in the dissipation of energy in Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) in controlled environments during a simulated summer-autumn transition under natural conditions and conditions with altered air temperature and photoperiod. Using a factorial design, we dissected the effects of daylength and temperature. Control plants were grown at either warm summer conditions with 16-h photoperiod and 22°C or conditions representing a cool autumn with 8 h/7°C. To assess the impact of photoperiod and temperature on photosynthesis and energy dissipation, plants were also grown under either cold summer (16-h photoperiod/7°C) or warm autumn conditions (8-h photoperiod/22°C). Photosynthetic gas exchange was affected by both daylength and temperature. Assimilation and respiration rates under warm autumn conditions were only about one-half of the summer values but were similar to values obtained for cold summer and natural autumn treatments. In contrast, photosynthetic efficiency was largely determined by temperature but not by daylength. Plants of different treatments followed different strategies for dissipating excess energy. Whereas in the warm summer treatment safe dissipation of excess energy was facilitated via zeaxanthin, in all other treatments dissipation of excess energy was facilitated predominantly via increased aggregation of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II. These differences were accompanied by a lower deepoxidation state and larger amounts of b-carotene in the warm autumn treatment as well as by changes in the abundance of thylakoid membrane proteins compared to the summer condition. We conclude that photoperiod control of dormancy in Jack pine appears to negate any potential for an increased carbon gain associated with higher temperatures during the autumn season.

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Section: Photosynthetic Pigmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Air Temperature during Simulated Autumn Conditions Does Not Increase Photosynthetic Carbon Gain But Affects the Dissipation of Excess Energy in Seedlings of the Evergreen Conifer Jack Pine

2007

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“…; 5 μm particle size) protected by a Phenomenex C18 guard column (4 x 3.0 mm i.d.). For separation a mobile phase consisted of two components: solvent A, acetonitrile:methanol:buffer TrisHCl 0.1 M pH 8.0 (72:8:3) and solvent B, methanol:ethyl acetate (68:32) following the protocol of Gilmore & Yamamoto (1991) with some modifications was used. Pigments were eluted using a gradient of solvent A, running isocratically for 6 min, followed by 10 min of a linear gradient up to 100 % of the solvent mixture B and 4 min of isocratic mixture of the last solvent.…”

Section: Pigment Determinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal changes in the photosynthetic performance of two evergreen Nothofagus species in south central Chile

Zúñiga

Alberdi

Reyes‐Díaz³

et al. 2006

Rev. chil. hist. nat.

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The evergreen Nothofagus dombeyi and Nothofagus nitida are important members of the temperate Chilean rainforest. They seldom grow together in nature. Nothofagus nitida is more susceptible to excess light and drought than N. dombeyi. We postulate that the different properties of the photosynthetic apparatus under common garden conditions of these species could explain their contrasting habitat preferences. The two species growing in a common garden in south central Chile were studied. The optimal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of both species remained within normal values (≈ 0.8) with the exception of a decrease in N. dombeyi at midday in summer, suggesting reversible reduction in photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII). During summer the effective photochemical efficiency (Φ PSII ), photochemical quenching (qP), photosynthesis (A max ), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rates (E) in N. dombeyi were higher than in N. nitida. The highest increments in photoprotective pigments (zeaxanthin + antheraxanthin and lutein) contents between predawn and midday were obtained in summer in N. dombeyi. In N. nitida a nocturnal retention of dissipative pigments, without a decrease in Fv/Fm, was found in winter. The results suggest that N. dombeyi showed a better photosynthetic performance than N. nitida under high light, high temperature, and drier conditions. These data support are consistent with the pioneer character of N. dombeyi and the semitolerant shade properties and more restricted distribution of N. nitida. These photosynthetic characteristics, along with their freezing and flooding resistance differences, may result from their habitat separation.Key words: chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthesis, Nothofagus dombeyi, Nothofagus nitida, xanthophyll cycle. RESUMENLas siempreverdes, Nothofagus dombeyi y Nothofagus nitida, representantes importantes de los bosques lluviosos templados de Chile, raramente crecen juntos en forma natural. Nothofagus nitida es más sensible al exceso de luz y déficit de agua que N. dombeyi. Se postula que diferentes propiedades del aparato fotosintético bajo condiciones de jardín común de estas especies podrían explicar sus contrastantes preferencias de hábitat. Se estudian algunas de estas propiedades en estas dos especies creciendo en un jardín común en el centro sur de Chile. La eficiencia fotoquímica máxima (Fv/Fm) de ambas especies permanece en el rango de los valores normales (≈ 0,8) con excepción de un decrecimiento al mediodía y en verano en N. dombeyi, que sugiere una reducción reversible de la eficiencia fotoquímica máxima del fotosistema II (PSII). Durante el verano, la eficiencia fotoquímica efectiva del PSII (Φ PSII ), el apagamiento fotoquímico (qP), la fotosíntesis (A max ), conductancia estomática (gs) y las tasas de transpiración (E) en N. dombeyi fueron mayores que en N. nitida. Los mayores incrementos en los contenidos de pigmentos fotoprotectores (zeaxantina + anteraxantina y luteína) entre prealba y mediodía se obtuvieron en verano en N. domb...

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“…Chlorophyll determinations relevant to the antenna size estimates were performed according to the method of Porra et al (1989). Quantitative analysis of the chloroplast pigments was according to the HPLC method of Gilmore & Yamamoto (1991).…”

Section: (A) Plant Materials and Experimental Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global spectral–kinetic analysis of room temperature chlorophyll a fluorescence from light-harvesting antenna mutants of barley

Gilmore

Itoh

Govindjee

2000

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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This study presents a novel measurement, and simulation, of the time-resolved room temperature chlorophyll a £uorescence emission spectra from leaves of the barley wild-type and chlorophyll-b-de¢cient chlorina (clo) f 2 and f104 mutants. The primary data were collected with a streak-camera-based picosecond-pulsed £uorometer that simultaneously records the spectral distribution and time dependence of the £uorescence decay. A new global spectral-kinetic analysis programme method, termed the double convolution integral (DCI) method, was developed to convolve the exciting laser pulse shape with a multimodal-distributed decay pro¢le function that is again convolved with the spectral emission band amplitude functions. We report several key results obtained by the simultaneous spectral-kinetic acquisition and DCI methods. First, under conditions of dark-level £uorescence, when photosystem II (PS II) photochemistry is at a maximum at room temperature, both the clo f 2 and clo f104 mutants exhibit very similar PS II spectral-decay contours as the wild-type (wt), with the main band centred around 685 nm. Second, dark-level £uorescence is strongly in£uenced beyond 700 nm by broad emission bands from PS I, and its associated antennae proteins, which exhibit much more rapid decay kinetics and strong integrated amplitudes. In particular a 705^720 nm band is present in all three samples, with a 710 nm band predominating in the clo f 2 leaves. When the PS II photochemistry becomes inhibited, maximizing the £uorescence yield, both the clo f104 mutant and the wt exhibit lifetime increases for their major distribution modes from the minimal 250^500 ps range to the maximal 1500^2500 ps range for both the 685 nm and 740 nm bands. The clo f 2 mutant, however, exhibits several unique spectral-kinetic properties, attributed to its unique PS I antennae and thylakoid structure, indicating changes in both PS II £uorescence reabsorption and PS II to PS I energy transfer pathways compared to the wt and clo f104. Photoprotective energy dissipation mediated by the xanthophyll cycle pigments and the PsbS protein was uninhibited in the clo f 104 mutant but, as commonly reported in the literature, signi¢cantly inhibited in the clo f 2; the inhibited energy dissipation is partly attributed to its thylakoid structure and PS II to PS I energy transfer properties. It is concluded that it is imperative with steady-state £uorometers, especially for in vivo studies of PS II e¤ciency or photoprotective energy dissipation, to quantify the in£uence of the PS I spectral emission.

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Resolution of lutein and zeaxanthin using a non-endcapped, lightly carbon-loaded C18 high-performance liquid chromatographic column

Cited by 429 publications

References 15 publications

Increased Air Temperature during Simulated Autumn Conditions Does Not Increase Photosynthetic Carbon Gain But Affects the Dissipation of Excess Energy in Seedlings of the Evergreen Conifer Jack Pine

Increased Air Temperature during Simulated Autumn Conditions Does Not Increase Photosynthetic Carbon Gain But Affects the Dissipation of Excess Energy in Seedlings of the Evergreen Conifer Jack Pine

Seasonal changes in the photosynthetic performance of two evergreen Nothofagus species in south central Chile

Global spectral–kinetic analysis of room temperature chlorophyll a fluorescence from light-harvesting antenna mutants of barley

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