Resolusi Konflik Nelayan Di Perairan Teritorial Kabupaten Kotabaru

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan: Mengetahui Tipologi konflik, Mengembangkan resolusi konflik dan memetakan kelembagaan resolusi konflik. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi kasus. Data bersumber pada data primer dan sekunder. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan cara observasi dan metode snowballing melalui key informan. Data sekunder dikumpulkan berdasarkan dokumen-dokumen di masa lalu serta klipping surat kabar. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif, spot mapping, times line. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Konflik nelayan pada kasus pembagian daerah penangkapan ikan merupakan tipologi yuridiksi perikanan, nelayan masih menganut pola pemmbagian zona daerah penangkapan tradisional. Konflik nelayan pada kasus perbedaan alat tangkap tradisional dan modifikasi termasuk tipologi alokasi internal dan mekanisme pengelolaan. Masalah lainnya adalah adanya perbedaan posisi, kebutuhan, kepentingan, pandangan dan konteks dikalangan nelayan dalam posisi yang sama. (2) Resolusi konflik lampara dasar diselesaikan dengan cara negosiasi secara kekeluargaan, tidak ada kesepakatan tertulis. Resolusi konflik dapat juga terjadi secara avoidance yang berhenti dengan sendirinya berdasarkan kesadaran masing-masing. (3) Lembaga yang terlibat dalam penyelesaian konflik yaitu DKP Kalsel, DKP Kotabaru, INSAN, TNI AL, Polair, Polres/Polsek, WALHI, DPRD, POKMASWAS. Diperlukan teknologi komunikasi informasi yang dapat diterima dengan cepat agar konflik dapat terdeteksi sedini mungkinThe objectives of this study are: finding out the typology of conflict, develop conflict resolution and mapping the institutional conflict resolution. The study used case study method. Data is sourced from primary and secondary data. Primary data collection is done by observation and snowballing method through key informant. Secondary data are collected based on past documents and newspaper clippings. Data were analyzed descriptively, spot mapping and times line. The results of the research show (1) Fisherman conflicts in the case of division of fishing areas is a typology of fishery jurisdiction in which fishermen still adhere to the traditional zone pattern of fishing areas. Conflicts in traditional fishing gear warfare cases and modifications was part of the internal allocation typology and management mechanisms. Other sources of conflict were different positions, needs, interests, views and context among fishermen in the same position. (2) Conflict resolution due to the use of lampara dasar (mini trawl) is settled by means of a familial negotiation, no written agreement. Avoidance is another Conflict resolution, based on their respective awareness. (3) Institutions involved in conflict resolution are DKP Kalsel, DKP Kotabaru, INSAN, TNI AL, Polair, Polres / Polsek, WALHI, DPRD, POKMASWAS. There is a need for information communications technology that can be received quickly so that the conflict can be detected as early as possible.

Prevention And Resolution Of Social Conflict In Coastal Communities In Indonesia

“…Satria [13] also stated that coastal communities are vulnerable to social, political and economic change, and often marginalized, poor, low-income, and poorly educated, who are often subject to exploitation by those in power Coastal communities do not always have harmonious social relations, both among themselves and with other parties outside their community. In Indonesia, conflicts between coastal communities and other parties are quite common [6], [7], [8], [14]. As an example, the conflict between fishermen in Balikpapan that occurred due to the dominance of large fishermen [14], then the conflict between fishermen and businessmen in Pasuruan area, East Java that occurred due to fraud committed by businessmen [11].…”

“…Vertical conflict is a conflict that occurs between coastal communities and the government. Based on several studies [6], [8], [11], the causes of vertical conflict are, among others, due to unclear government policies and regulations and not paying attention to the socio-economic aspects of the local community, law enforcement that is not maximum, lack of government involvement in each conflict, government…”

“…An example is the research conducted by Rusmilyansari and Mahreda in 2019 [8] on the case of fishing conflicts in the territorial waters of Kotabaru Regency, South Kalimantan, which shows that the causes of the conflicts were due to the division of zones for fishing areas and also differences in the fishing gear technology used. In their research, Rusmilyansari and Mahreda [8] show that there were at least several fishing conflicts that started from 1980 to 2009, where the peaks of conflicts that led to anarchic actions were in 2000, 2005-2006, and 2007-2008. This shows that protracted and unresolved conflicts will increasingly lead to violent actions.…”

“…This shows that social conflict can occur anytime and anywhere in any social life, including in coastal communities. Several studies [6], [7], [8] have examined conflicts that occur in coastal communities. For example, a study conducted by Nulhaqim et al [7] on the north coast of Cirebon, West Java, found several cases of conflicts, including conflicts between groups of fishermen and conflicts between the community and the government.…”

“…For example, a study conducted by Nulhaqim et al [7] on the north coast of Cirebon, West Java, found several cases of conflicts, including conflicts between groups of fishermen and conflicts between the community and the government. Rusmilyansari and Mahreda [8] also examined social conflicts that occurred in the territorial waters of Kotabaru, South Kalimantan, where social conflicts occurred between fellow fishermen. Social conflict may result in significant negative consequences including harm, loss of property, physical injury, and fatalities [9].…”