Resistivity imaging survey to delineate subsurface seepage of hydrocarbon contaminated water at Karbala Governorate, Iraq

Thabit, Jassim M.; Khalid, Firas H.

doi:10.1007/s12665-015-4880-y

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The direction of the groundwater flow within the Dibdibba study area was from the west to the east, which is consistent with the result of the current study; see Figure 17a. Thabit and Khalid (2016) proved that the seepage direction in a small area (30 × 30 m) within the region of Dibdibba is from the west (more specifically, the southwest) to the east (more specifically, the northeast), which is consistent with the current results [133].…”

Section: Dibdibba Study Areasupporting

confidence: 89%

Seepage Velocity: Large Scale Mapping and the Evaluation of Two Different Aquifer Conditions (Silty Clayey and Sandy)

et al. 2020

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Seepage velocity is a very important criterion in infrastructure construction. The planning of numerous large infrastructure projects requires the mapping of seepage velocity at a large scale. To date, however, no reliable approach exists to determine seepage velocity at such a scale. This paper presents a tool within ArcMap/Geographic Information System (GIS) software that can be used to map the seepage velocity at a large scale. The resultant maps include both direction and magnitude mapping of the seepage velocity. To verify the GIS tool, this study considered two types of aquifer conditions in two regions in Iraq: silty clayey (Babylon province) and sandy (Dibdibba in Karbala province). The results indicate that, for Babylon province, the groundwater flows from the northwest to southeast with a seepage velocity no more than 0.19 m/d; for the Dibdibba region, the groundwater flows from the west to the east with a seepage velocity not exceeding 0.27 m/d. The effectiveness of the presented tool in depicting the seepage velocity was thus demonstrated. The accuracy of the resultant maps depends on the resolution of the four essential maps (groundwater elevation head, effective porosity, saturated thickness, and transmissivity) and locations of wells that are used to collect the data.

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Section: Dibdibba Study Areasupporting

confidence: 89%

Seepage Velocity: Large Scale Mapping and the Evaluation of Two Different Aquifer Conditions (Silty Clayey and Sandy)

et al. 2020

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“…They depict high resistivity zone (> 900 Ω-m) at a depth of 0 to 4 m and low resistivity (< 900 Ω-m) at a depth greater than 4 m. The tomograms produced using the conventional approach for the models with one offline electrode nearly match the true model except for a few instances (Figure 7e-g) that shows a very slight variation of anomalies. This close match of the tomograms is a consequence of the high signal-to-noise ratio of the array (Cubbage et al, 2017;Thabit & Khalid, 2016), whereas, the slight variation is likely due to the increase in offline electrode distance. However, the geometries of the true model are well resolved in all the tomograms obtained by using the new approach as shown in Figure 7b´-g´.…”

Section: Wenner Array With One Electrode Offline (Wa-1eo)mentioning

confidence: 95%

Solution of Collinearity Problem in Two-Dimensional Electrical Resistivity Tomography using Wenner Array

Mohammed¹,

Muztaza²,

Saad³

2021

JST

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Two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2-D ERT) is one of the most common geophysical tools employed to satisfy the ever-growing need for obtaining subsurface information. Most of the conventional electrode arrays used for 2-D ERT survey are built with the theoretical assumption that the survey lines are straight to guarantee four collinear electrodes at every point of measurement. However, due to surface constraint associated with most survey areas, it is rarely possible to conduct a two-dimensional resistivity survey on a straight line. Therefore, 2-D ERT survey conducted on a surface constraint field requires shifting one or more electrodes off the survey line, which contrasts with the underlying assumption. Consequently, the result might be prone to false anomalies. Thus, this study aimed to device a new approach that could mitigate the false anomalies posed by non-collinearity of electrodes in 2-D ERT result. In view of this, ABEM Terrameter SAS4000 using Wenner array configuration was adopted for the survey. The data was acquired with all electrodes inline and one or more electrodes offline at stepwise distances, respectively. Based on the result obtained, the new approach mitigates the offline electrodes effect, as the inverse resistivity tomograms resolves the geometries of the true model reasonably well. More so, it has high R-value >90% which is an indication of proximity to the true model. Hence, it is concluded that the new approach is effective in mitigating offline electrode effect on a 2-D ERT result.

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“…The field parameters and the number of data points of the three stations wherein, The field data were processed using the RES2DINV version 4.8.12 software package to create a 2D electrical image. RES2DINV is a computer software that will automatically design a two-dimensional resistivity profile for the subsurface resistivity distribution using the data that acquired from a 2D electrical survey [18,19], after clean and removing the bad data in two stages which are; the first stage thru building a profile for data points and picks the bad data in manually mode (Figure-3A). The second stage is using the RMS error option to cut-off the bad data and improvements the total of the RMS error through automatic statically method through removing the data-points with a large percentage difference (Figure-3B).…”

Section: Fieldworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One advantage of this software is that the damping factor and anomalous part of the zone and background resistivity. flatness filters can be customary to suit altered types of field data [18,19].…”

Section: Fieldworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between Dipole-dipole and Pole-dipole Arrays in Delineation of Subsurface Weak Zones Using 2D Electrical Imaging Technique in Al- Anbar University, Western Iraq

Salman

Abed

Thabit

2020

eijs

Self Cite

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The presence of natural voids and fractures (weak zones) in subsurface gypsiferous soil and gypsum, within the University of Al-Anbar, western Iraq. It causes a harsher problem for civil engineering projects. Electrical resistivity technique is applied as an economic decipher for investigation underground weak zones. The inverse models of the Dipole-dipole and Pole-dipole arrays with aspacing of 2 m and an n-factor of 6 clearly show that the resistivity contrast between the anomalous part of the weak zone and the background. The maximum thickness and shape are well defined from 2D imaging with Dipole-dipole array, the maximum thickness ranges between 9.5 to 11.5 m. It is concluded that the 2D imaging survey is a useful technique and more effective for determining and mapping subsurface weak zones (voids, fracture and cavities), when taken in consideration using the suitable a-spacing and n-factor for each electrode array, especially with the Dipole-dipole array which provided the best imaging of the subsurface shape of the weak zones. Introduction:The subsurface voids, fractures, cavities and subsidence are natural phenomena that can occur in shallow geology sediments at different regions in the world. Cavities hazard assessment is one of the most difficult near subsurface investigations. It is clear that sinkhole formation is a dynamic process occurring over time, resulting in variations in the subsurface properties, such as porosity, fracture density, water saturation, etc. Roads and highway subsidence, building foundation collapse, and dam leakage are few of the problems related with cavities and sinkholes [1,2]. In the Southern part of Al-Jazeera, along the left bank of the Euphrates River (West Iraq), large caves are formed in gypsum beds of Fatha Formation and carbonate rock of Euphrates Formation. Few kilometers north of Hit a large cave is formed in the gypsum beds of the plateau that border Euphrates valley. The altitude of the entrance of the cave is about 130 m A.S.L The presence of natural voids and fractures in subsurface gypsiferous soil and gypsum, within Al-Anbar University causes a harsher problem for civil engineering. The electrical resistivity technique is applied as an economic decipher for investigation underground voids and weak zone.Selecting the correct geophysical tool for the detection of subsurface cavities and voids is not always straightforward, is of necessary importance in land-use planning [2]. The electrical resistivity method is considered as one of the promising geophysical methods that are used in the subsurface investigation because it gives a semi-true subsurface picture for buried structures with rapidity to calculate and determined the distribution of subsurface resistivity by making measurements on the ground surface [3,4]. In Dipole-dipole array, the spacing between current and potential electrodes are the same and remaining fixed for each spacing and n-factor [5]. Pole-dipole is another array that is using in shallow weak zones detection that has an approximately good i...

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Resistivity imaging survey to delineate subsurface seepage of hydrocarbon contaminated water at Karbala Governorate, Iraq

Cited by 19 publications

References 25 publications

Seepage Velocity: Large Scale Mapping and the Evaluation of Two Different Aquifer Conditions (Silty Clayey and Sandy)

Seepage Velocity: Large Scale Mapping and the Evaluation of Two Different Aquifer Conditions (Silty Clayey and Sandy)

Solution of Collinearity Problem in Two-Dimensional Electrical Resistivity Tomography using Wenner Array

Comparison between Dipole-dipole and Pole-dipole Arrays in Delineation of Subsurface Weak Zones Using 2D Electrical Imaging Technique in Al- Anbar University, Western Iraq

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