“…Among the family of memory devices, nonvolatile memory (NVM) plays an important role and Resistive Random Access Memory , (RRAM) has received significant attention due to its simple architecture, smaller size, long write/read endurance ,, (>10 16 cycles), faster operating speed, excellent scalability (<10 nm), higher storage density, low cost, low power consumption, excellent compatibility etc. Most popular RRAM devices are transition metal oxide based − , but issues like presence of defects, interstitial impurities, grain boundary and polar discontinuity etc. often halter the performance reproducibility.…”