Resisting false recognition: An ERP study of lure discrimination

Morcom, Alexa M.

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.07.049

Cited by 26 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…This may also be why responses here but not in the previous study were also less accurate for lures than for studied and novel items. The pattern observed here is consistent with previous findings of reduced performance for lures (e.g., Stark et al, 2013;Toner et al, 2009), and with claims that lure discrimination places greater demands on pattern separation (Kirwan and Stark, 2007; and/or post-retrieval processing (Brainerd et al, 2003;Morcom, 2015) and is therefore associated with reduced accuracy.…”

Section: Behavioural Findingssupporting

confidence: 92%

Cortical pattern separation and item-specific memory encoding

Pidgeon

Morcom

2016

Neuropsychologia

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Pattern separation and pattern completion are fundamental brain processes thought to be critical for episodic memory encoding and retrieval, and for discrimination between similar memories. These processes are best understood in the hippocampus, but are proposed to occur throughout the brain, in particular in sensory regions. Cortical, as well as hippocampal, pattern separation may therefore support formation of event-unique memory traces. Using fMRI, we investigated cortical pattern separation and pattern completion and their relationship to encoding activity predicting subsequent item-specific compared to gist memory. During scanning, participants viewed images of novel objects, repeated objects, and objects which were both perceptually and conceptually similar to previously presented images, while performing a size judgement task. In a later surprise recognition test, they judged whether test items were 'same' 'similar' or 'new' relative to studied items. Activity consistent with pattern separation -responses to similar items as if novel -was observed in bilateral occipito-temporal cortex. Activity consistent with pattern completion -responses to similar items as if repeated -was observed in left prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Curve fitting analysis further revealed that graded responses to change in image conceptual and perceptual similarity in bilateral prefrontal and right parietal regions met specific computational predictions for pattern separation for one or both of these similarity dimensions. Functional overlap between encoding activity predicting subsequent item-specific recognition and pattern separation activity was also observed in left occipital cortex and bilateral inferior frontal cortex. The findings suggest that extrahippocampal regions including sensory and prefrontal cortex contribute to pattern separation and pattern completion of visual input, consistent with the proposal that cortical pattern separation contributes to formation of item-specific memory traces, facilitating accurate recognition memory.

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Section: Behavioural Findingssupporting

confidence: 92%

Cortical pattern separation and item-specific memory encoding

Pidgeon

Morcom

2016

Neuropsychologia

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“…Some studies observed the LPP only for true memories (e.g., Curran, 2000;Poch et al,2019), suggesting that lure false alarms are driven by familiarity. However, others have demonstrated that the LPP is observable during lure discrimination independent of memory success (e.g., Curran & Cleary, 2003;Morcom, 2015), suggesting that lure discrimination requires the recovery of mnemonic detail and evokes recollection. While we cannot clearly dissociate the relative contribution of familiarity and recollection in the present paradigm, the onset of the present effect falls within a similar time range (500-800 ms) as the well-established ERP marker of recollection and demonstrates a maximum over posterior channels, supporting our interpretation of alpha/beta desynchronization during retrieval as an index of the specificity of the retrieved content.…”

Section: Alpha/beta Desynchronization Supports Item Recognition and Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Item recognition and lure discrimination in younger and older adults are supported by alpha/beta desynchronization

Karlsson

Wehrspaun

Sander

2020

Preprint

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Our episodic memories vary in their specificity, ranging from a mere sense of familiarity to detailed recollection of the initial experience. Recent work suggests that alpha/beta desynchronization promotes information flow through the cortex, tracking the richness in detail of recovered memory representations. At the same time, as we age, memories become less vivid and detailed, which may be reflected in age-related reductions in alpha/beta desynchronization during retrieval. To understand age differences in the specificity of episodic memories, we investigated differences in alpha/beta desynchronization between younger (18–26 years, n = 31) and older (65–76 years, n = 28) adults during item recognition and lure discrimination.Alpha/beta desynchronization increased linearly with the demand for memory specificity, i.e., the requirement to retrieve details for an accurate response, across retrieval situations (correct rejections < item recognition < lure discrimination). Stronger alpha/beta desynchronization was related to memory success, as indicated by reliable activation differences between correct and incorrect memory responses. In line with the assumption of a loss of mnemonic detail in older age, older adults had more difficulties than younger adults to discriminate lures from targets. Importantly, they also showed a reduced modulation of alpha/beta desynchronization across retrieval demands. Together, these results extend previous findings by demonstrating that alpha/beta desynchronization dissociates between item recognition and the retrieval of highly detailed memories as required in lure discrimination, and that age-related impairments in episodic retrieval are accompanied by attenuated modulations in the alpha/beta band. Thus, we provide novel findings suggesting that alpha/beta desynchronization tracks mnemonic specificity and that changes in these oscillatory mechanisms may underlie age-related declines in episodic memory.

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“…According to dual-process models of recognition memory, recognition performance is the result of the collaboration of two different types of processes: recollection and familiarity [ 26 – 28 ]. The Recollection process is thought to be similar to that used in free recall, as it implies the retrieval of contextual details from the moment a certain event was previously encoded [ 27 , 29 ]. In this process, memory judgements are made based on the retrieval of qualitative information, therefore involving the conscious recollection of the prior occurrence of a certain event [ 22 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory Distortion and Its Avoidance: An Event-Related Potentials Study on False Recognition and Correct Rejection

Cadavid

Beato

2016

PLoS ONE

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Memory researchers have long been captivated by the nature of memory distortions and have made efforts to identify the neural correlates of true and false memories. However, the underlying mechanisms of avoiding false memories by correctly rejecting related lures remains underexplored. In this study, we employed a variant of the Deese/Roediger-McDermott paradigm to explore neural signatures of committing and avoiding false memories. ERP were obtained for True recognition, False recognition, Correct rejection of new items, and, more importantly, Correct rejection of related lures. With these ERP data, early-frontal, left-parietal, and late right-frontal old/new effects (associated with familiarity, recollection, and monitoring processes, respectively) were analysed. Results indicated that there were similar patterns for True and False recognition in all three old/new effects analysed in our study. Also, False recognition and Correct rejection of related lures activities seemed to share common underlying familiarity-based processes. The ERP similarities between False recognition and Correct rejection of related lures disappeared when recollection processes were examined because only False recognition presented a parietal old/new effect. This finding supported the view that actual false recollections underlie false memories, providing evidence consistent with previous behavioural research and with most ERP and neuroimaging studies. Later, with the onset of monitoring processes, False recognition and Correct rejection of related lures waveforms presented, again, clearly dissociated patterns. Specifically, False recognition and True recognition showed more positive going patterns than Correct rejection of related lures signal and Correct rejection of new items signature. Since False recognition and Correct rejection of related lures triggered familiarity-recognition processes, our results suggest that deciding which items are studied is based more on recollection processes, which are later supported by monitoring processes. Results are discussed in terms of Activation-Monitoring Framework and Fuzzy Trace-Theory, the most prominent explanatory theories of false memory raised with the Deese/Roediger-McDermott paradigm.

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Resisting false recognition: An ERP study of lure discrimination

Cited by 26 publications

References 81 publications

Cortical pattern separation and item-specific memory encoding

Cortical pattern separation and item-specific memory encoding

Item recognition and lure discrimination in younger and older adults are supported by alpha/beta desynchronization

Memory Distortion and Its Avoidance: An Event-Related Potentials Study on False Recognition and Correct Rejection

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