Resistin in serum and gingival crevicular fluid as a marker of periodontal inflammation and its correlation with single-nucleotide polymorphism in human resistin gene at −420

Abstract

Aims:Resistin is an adipocytokine, which have been studied for its role in insulin resistance and recently in inflammation. The aim of the present study is to assess the concentration of resistin in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and to compare the levels between subjects with and without periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to further correlate the resistin levels with the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at −420.Setting and Designs:A total of 96 subjects (48 males and 48 females) were divided on the basis of gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and hemoglobin A1c levels into healthy (group 1, n = 24), uncontrolled-diabetes related periodontitis (group 2, n = 24), controlled-diabetes related periodontitis (group 3, n = 24) and chronic periodontitis without T2DM (group 4, n = 24).Materials and Methods:The GCF and serum levels of resistin were quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared among the study groups. Further, the association of the resistin levels with periodontal inflammation and SNP at −420 was studied.Results and Conclusion:The resistin levels in GCF and serum from patients with periodontitis or diabetes mellitus related periodontitis (controlled or uncontrolled) were higher than that of healthy subjects and correlated positively with GI. Further, subjects with GG genotype at −420 showed significantly higher GI, PD, CAL as compared with genotype group CC. Resistin was detected in all serum and GCF samples and was significantly higher in periodontitis. Further, GG genotype at −420 was associated significantly with periodontal inflammation and resistin levels.

Adipokine gene variability and plasma levels in patients with chronic periodontitis -a case-control study

“…Increased serum levels of RETN were found with periodontal inflammation, which indicates a potential inflammatory role in periodontitis. 8 Increased RETN serum levels were also significantly associated with periodontal condition and there was also a trend towards decreased levels of ADIPOQ in subjects with periodontitis in a Japanese population. 34 Saito et al 35 concluded that increased RETN serum levels in middle-aged Japanese women with periodontitis may affect their systemic health.…”

“…Candidate genes that encode adipokines and their specific genetic variants were selected based on previously described associations in other populations, 7,8 their possible functional impacts on the etiopathogenesis of CP, a minor allele frequency (MAF) higher than 0.1 in the European Caucasian population studied and/or a localization that falls within the haplotype structure of the gene.…”

“…7 In Indian population, a gene variant in the RETN gene has been associated with periodontal inflammation in both obese and non-obese patients. 8 To date, no study has analysed the variability in adipokine genes in Caucasian subjects with known periodontal statuses.…”

Evaluation of Resistin levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients with Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus after Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy and Subantimicrobial Dosage of Doxycycline

“…Human resistin also acts as a pro-inflammatory molecule and stimulates the synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines: TNF-α, IL-6, interleukin-12IL-12 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (8) . So, it has been demonstrated that resistin levels in GCF can be considered as a biomarker for studying the severity of periodontitis and/or diabetic patients with periodontitis (12) .…”

“…It has been also demonstrated the resistin release is regulated from human neutrophils by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P-LPS) which causes periodontitis (11) . So, resistin levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) can be considered as a biomarker for studying the severity of periodontitis and/or periodontitis in diabetic patients (12) .…”