Resistencia a colistín mediado por el gen mcr-1 identificado en cepas de Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae. Primeros reportes en el Perú

Silva, Ruth Giovanna Ugarte; López, José Maria Olivo; Corso, Alejandra; Pasterán, Fernando; Albornoz, Ezequiel; Blácido, Zaida Patricia Sahuanay

doi:10.15381/anales.v79i3.15313

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The relatively low prevalence of mcr genes among colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria found in this study (16.7%) is higher than the values reported for E.coli in Egypt (7.5%) [37] and similar to those described in Ecuador (20.0%) [38] but lower than the prevalence shown in a study in Nepal [39] and Peru [40] where the prevalence of strains that serve as carriers of mcr genes were reported to be high among colistin-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The results of the current research confirm the fact that the horizontal transmission of colistin resistance has spread at different rates among different geographical areas of the world.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Detection of Plasmid-Mediated Resistance against Colistin in Multi-Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from a Tertiary Hospital

Galindo-Méndez,

Navarrete-Salazar,

Pacheco-Vásquez

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes among colistin and multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli strains isolated from patients in a tertiary hospital in Toluca, Mexico. The presence of mcr genes among the 241 strains collected was assessed by PCR. In the case of mcr-carrying E. coli, further PCR tests were performed to determine the presence of blaCTX-M and whether the strains belonged to the O25b-ST131 clone. Conjugation experiments were also carried out to assess the horizontal transmission of colistin resistance. A total of twelve strains (5.0%), of which four were E. coli; four were P. aeruginosa; three were K. pneumoniae, and one E. cloacae, were found to be resistant to colistin. Of these strains, two E. coli isolates were found to carry mcr-1, and Southern blot hybridization demonstrated its presence on an approximately 60 kb plasmid. Both mcr-1-carrying E. coli strains were found to co-express blaCTX-M, belong to the O25b-ST131 clone, and horizontally transmit their colistin resistance. The results of this study confirm the presence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in hospitalized patients in Mexico and demonstrated that the multi-drug-resistant O25b-ST131 E. coli clone can acquire mcr genes and transmit such resistance traits to other bacteria.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Detection of Plasmid-Mediated Resistance against Colistin in Multi-Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from a Tertiary Hospital

Galindo-Méndez,

Navarrete-Salazar,

Pacheco-Vásquez

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the occurrence of mcr-1 -positive E. coli isolates in farms in Peru. Previous works reported E. coli isolates carrying the mcr-1 gene in samples of clinical and food origin in Peru [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 16 ]. In December 2019, the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation of Peru (MINAGRI) published a resolution prohibiting the use of colistin in food-producing animals [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, pathogenic E. coli may cause neonatal and postweaning diarrhea and edema in swine, while it may cause infections of the respiratory tract and soft tissues, resulting in colibacillosis, air sacculitis and cellulitis in chickens [ 11 ]. E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying the mcr-1 gene have recently been reported in isolates from Peruvian hospitals [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], as well as in isolates from slaughtered chickens destined for human consumption [ 16 ]. Due to the recurrent detection of resistant enterobacteria in hospitals, the Peruvian government decreed in late 2019 the prohibition of the manufacture, sale and import of veterinary products containing the active compound of colistin (Polymyxin E).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Genomic Characterization of mcr-1-Harboring Escherichia coli Isolates from Chicken and Pig Farms in Lima, Peru

et al. 2022

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Resistance to colistin generated by the mcr-1 gene in Enterobacteriaceae is of great concern due to its efficient worldwide spread. Despite the fact that the Lima region has a third of the Peruvian population and more than half of the national pig and poultry production, there are no reports of the occurrence of the mcr-1 gene in Escherichia coli isolated from livestock. In the present work, we studied the occurrence of E. coli carrying the mcr-1 gene in chicken and pig farms in Lima between 2019 and 2020 and described the genomic context of the mcr-1 gene. We collected fecal samples from 15 farms in 4 provinces of Lima including the capital Lima Metropolitana and recovered 341 E. coli isolates. We found that 21.3% (42/197) and 12.5% (18/144) of the chicken and pig strains were mcr-1-positive by PCR, respectively. The whole genome sequencing of 14 mcr-1-positive isolates revealed diverse sequence types (e.g., ST48 and ST602) and the presence of other 38 genes that confer resistance to 10 different classes of antibiotics, including beta-lactamase blaCTX-M-55. The mcr-1 gene was located on diverse plasmids belonging to the IncI2 and IncHI1A:IncHI1B replicon types. A comparative analysis of the plasmids showed that they contained the mcr-1 gene within varied structures (mikB–mcr1–pap2, ISApl1–mcr1–pap2, and Tn6330). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to study the prevalence of the mcr-1 gene in livestock in Peru, revealing its high occurrence in pig and chicken farms. The genetic diversity of mcr-1-positive strains suggests a complex local epidemiology calling for a coordinated surveillance under the One-Health approach that includes animals, retail meat, farmers, hospitals and the environment to effectively detect and limit the spread of colistin-resistant bacteria.

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“…Three isolates harboring the colistin resistance mcr-1 gene were found in humans and chickens. Colistin is used to treat human infections caused by carbapenem-resistant bacteria ( Nation et al, 2017 ) and mcr-1 has already been reported in local E. coli and K. pneumoniae clinical isolates ( Ugarte-Silva et al, 2018 ; Deshpande et al, 2019 ). The import and trade of colistin in veterinary products was banned in Peru in 2019 ( Diario Oficial El Peruano, 2019 ) but they were still in use in poultry farms at the time of sampling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Market Chickens as a Source of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli in a Peri-Urban Community in Lima, Peru

Murray¹,

Salvatierra

Dávila-Barclay

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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The widespread and poorly regulated use of antibiotics in animal production in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is increasingly associated with the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in retail animal products. Here, we compared Escherichia coli from chickens and humans with varying levels of exposure to chicken meat in a low-income community in the southern outskirts of Lima, Peru. We hypothesize that current practices in local poultry production result in highly resistant commensal bacteria in chickens that can potentially colonize the human gut. E. coli was isolated from cloacal swabs of non-organic (n = 41) and organic chickens (n = 20), as well as from stools of market chicken vendors (n = 23), non-vendors (n = 48), and babies (n = 60). 315 E. coli isolates from humans (n = 150) and chickens (n = 165) were identified, with chickens showing higher rates of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase phenotypes. Non-organic chicken isolates were more resistant to most antibiotics tested than human isolates, while organic chicken isolates were susceptible to most antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing of 118 isolates identified shared phylogroups between human and animal populations and 604 ARG hits across genomes. Resistance to florfenicol (an antibiotic commonly used as a growth promoter in poultry but not approved for human use) was higher in chicken vendors compared to other human groups. Isolates from non-organic chickens contained genes conferring resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics, including mcr-1 for colistin resistance, blaCTX-M ESBLs, and blaKPC-3 carbapenemase. Our findings suggest that E. coli strains from market chickens are a potential source of ARGs that can be transmitted to human commensals.

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Resistencia a colistín mediado por el gen mcr-1 identificado en cepas de Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae. Primeros reportes en el Perú

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Detection of Plasmid-Mediated Resistance against Colistin in Multi-Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from a Tertiary Hospital

Detection of Plasmid-Mediated Resistance against Colistin in Multi-Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from a Tertiary Hospital

Occurrence and Genomic Characterization of mcr-1-Harboring Escherichia coli Isolates from Chicken and Pig Farms in Lima, Peru

Market Chickens as a Source of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli in a Peri-Urban Community in Lima, Peru

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