Resistant starch promotes equol production and inhibits tibial bone loss in ovariectomized mice treated with daidzein

Tousen, Yuko; Abe, Fumiko; Ishida, Tatsuya; Uehara, Mariko; Ishimi, Yoshiko

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2011.02.009

Cited by 46 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species have been identified to play a role in the metabolism of Dz to equol ( 9 , 44 ) . We have previously reported that a diet supplemented with Dz and resistant starch, which is not absorbed in the intestine, increases the equol production to occupation ratio of Bifidobacterium species to that of the intestinal microflora in mice ( 11 ) . Although we did not measure the composition of the intestinal microflora, it is possible that Lactobacillus and/or Bifidobacterium species increased in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the possible reasons for the inconsistencies between rodent studies and clinical trials could be because of differences in isoflavone metabolism. Most studies suggest that animals have the capacity to produce equol ( 10 , 11 ) , but not all human subjects are able to produce it. In Asia, 50–60 % of the adult population produced equol when given soya foods that contained isoflavones ( 12 , 13 ) .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of dietary fibre and tea catechin, ingredients of the Japanese diet, on equol production and bone mineral density in isoflavone-treated ovariectomised mice

et al. 2012

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Equol is a metabolite of the isoflavone daidzein (Dz) and is produced by the bacterial microflora in the distal intestine and colon. Some epidemiological studies have reported an association between increased equol production and intakes of green tea or dietary fibre, which are ingredients of the standard Japanese diet. We examined the effects of a diet supplemented with Dz and tea catechin or dietary fibre on equol production and bone mineral density in ovariectomised (OVX) mice. Female mice of the ddY strain were either sham operated or OVX. OVX mice were fed a control diet, a 0·1 % Dz-supplemented diet or a 0·1 % Dz diet supplemented with one of the food components commonly consumed in the Japanese diet. The mice were given 1 % tea catechin (w/w) as part of the diet in Expt 1 or 5 % polydextrose (PD) and 5 % raffinose (Raf) (w/w) as part of the diet in Expt 2. Catechin reduced serum equol levels and attenuated the beneficial effect of Dz on femoral bone loss. The soluble dietary fibres PD and Raf stimulated equol production, and enhanced the bone-protective effects of Dz on femoral bone. These results suggest that dietary fibre, in particular, PD, may alter the bioavailability of isoflavones and prevent osteopenia in OVX mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary fibre and tea catechin, ingredients of the Japanese diet, on equol production and bone mineral density in isoflavone-treated ovariectomised mice

et al. 2012

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“…In OVX and sham control mice, distilled water was used as a vehicle. In addition, 17β-estradiol (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck Millipore) was subcutaneously administered into the dorsal back skins at a volume of 0.2 ml/mouse (0.03 µg/head/day), according to previously established methods (40)(41)(42).…”

Section: Animals and Husbandrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-climacterium effects of pomegranate concentrated solutions in ovariectomized ddY mice

Kang¹,

Choi²,

Kim³

et al. 2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. In the present study, the complex anti-climacterium potential of standardized pomegranate concentrated solution (PCS) was investigated using bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) female ddY mice. Changes in body weight and gain during experimental periods, food consumption, serum estradiol levels, total body and abdominal fat densities, abdominal fat pads, and uterus weights were observed, along with the histopathology of abdominal fat pads and uterus for anti-obesity and estrogenic effects. In addition, liver weights, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and histopathological inspections were performed to explore the hepato-protective effects. Serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein, and triglyceride (TG) levels were monitored for hypolipidemic effects with total body and femur mean bone mineral density (BMD), right femur wet, dry and ash weights, strength, serum osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP) contents, and histological and histomorphometrical analyses for anti-osteoporosis activity. As a result of OVX, notable increases in body weight and gains, food consumption, abdominal fat mass densities, weights of abdominal fat pads deposited in the abdominal cavity, and serum AST, ALT, TC, LDL, TG, and osteocalcin levels were observed, along with decreases in the uterus, liver, and femur weights, mean total body and femur BMD, femur strength, serum bALP, and estradiol levels. In addition, marked hypertrophic alterations in adipocytes located in the deposited abdominal fat pads, liver steatosis, uterine disused atrophic changes, and decreases in bone mass and structures of the femur were also observed in OVX control mice with significant increases in bone resorption markers based on histopathological and histomorphometrical analysis. However, these estrogen-deficient climacterium symptoms were significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01) inhibited after 84 days of continuous treatment with estradiol and PCS (1, 2 and 4 ml/kg), respectively. The present results suggested that PCS was able to effectively inhibit or refine the climacterium symptoms, including obesity, hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and osteoporosis, induced by OVX in ddY mice.

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“…In addition, treatment with 10 mg/day also prevented a decrease in bone mineral density in the entire body that was noted in the placebo group. 44 Finally, there is sufficient basis for speculation about the potential for S-equol to favorably impact skin health 45 since it is well recognized that ERb is abundantly expressed in skin, and estrogen therapy is known to improve several skin parameters. 46 However, only limited data on S-equol in this regard are available.…”

Section: Beyond Vmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

S-equol: A Potential Nonhormonal Agent for Menopause-Related Symptom Relief

Utian

Jones

Setchell

2015

Journal of Women's Health

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Many women suffering from vasomotor symptoms (VMS) are now seeking nonpharmaceutical treatments for symptom relief. Recently, S-equol, an intestinal bacterial metabolite of the soybean isoflavone daidzein has received attention for its ability to alleviate VMS and provide other important health benefits to menopausal women. S-equol is found in very few foods and only in traces. About 50% of Asians and 25% of non-Asians host the intestinal bacteria that convert daidzein into S-equol. Clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of an S-equol-containing product found that VMS were alleviated but these trials were limited in scope and primarily involved Japanese women for whom hot flashes are a minor complaint. The only trial in the United States evaluating hot flashes found symptoms were significantly reduced by S-equol, but the study lacked a placebo group, although it did include a positive control. The daily dose of S-equol used in most trials was 10 mg, and because the half-life of S-equol is 7-10 hours, to maximize efficacy, it was taken twice daily. Subanalysis of epidemiologic studies suggests that equol producers are more likely to benefit from soyfood consumption than nonproducers with respect to both cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, although the data are inconsistent. The limited safety data for S-equol do not suggest cause for concern, especially with regard to its effects on breast and endometrial tissue. Further studies are needed before definitive conclusions of its effectiveness for VMS can be made, but the preliminary evidence warrants clinicians discussing the potential of S-equol for the alleviation of VMS with patients.

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Resistant starch promotes equol production and inhibits tibial bone loss in ovariectomized mice treated with daidzein

Cited by 46 publications

References 39 publications

Effects of dietary fibre and tea catechin, ingredients of the Japanese diet, on equol production and bone mineral density in isoflavone-treated ovariectomised mice

Effects of dietary fibre and tea catechin, ingredients of the Japanese diet, on equol production and bone mineral density in isoflavone-treated ovariectomised mice

Anti-climacterium effects of pomegranate concentrated solutions in ovariectomized ddY mice

S-equol: A Potential Nonhormonal Agent for Menopause-Related Symptom Relief

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