Resistance Training and Youth

Kraemer, William J.; Fry, Andrew C.; Frykman, Peter; Conroy, Brian P.; Hoffman, Jay R.

doi:10.1123/pes.1.4.336

Cited by 71 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…However, in contrast to this previous study, similar changes were observed in both the SUP and UN-SUP groups. Considering the age of the subjects in the present study, it seems reasonable to suggest that some of the increase in the body mass measures in both groups of the present study was due to normal changes associated with puberty (15,17). Maturation effects may also partially explain why the relative changes in strength and power in the present study are greater than those previously reported in experienced strength trainers (19).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Effect of Direct Supervision of a Strength Coach on Measures of Muscular Strength and Power in Young Rugby League Players

Coutts

Murphy²,

Dascombe³

2004

J Strength Cond Res

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ABSTRACT. Coutts, A.J., A.J. Murphy, and B.J. Dascombe. Effect of direct supervision of a strength coach on measures of muscular strength and power in young rugby league players. J. Strength Cond. Res. 18(2):316-323. 2004.-The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of direct supervision on muscular strength, power, and running speed during 12 weeks of resistance training in young rugby league players. Two matched groups of young (16.7 Ϯ 1.1 years [mean Ϯ SD]), talented rugby league players completed the same periodized resistance-training program in either a supervised (SUP) (N ϭ 21) or an unsupervised (UNSUP) (N ϭ 21) environment. Measures of 3 repetition maximum (3RM) bench press, 3RM squat, maximal chin-ups, vertical jump, 10-and 20-m sprints, and body mass were completed pretest (week 0), midtest (week 6), and posttest (week 12) training program. Results show that 12 weeks of periodized resistance training resulted in an increased body mass, 3RM bench press, 3RM squat, maximum number of chinups, vertical jump height, and 10-and 20-m sprint performance in both groups (p Ͻ 0.05). The SUP group completed significantly more training sessions, which were significantly correlated to strength increases for 3RM bench press and squat (p Ͻ 0.05). Furthermore, the SUP group significantly increased 3RM squat strength (at 6 and 12 weeks) and 3RM bench press strength (12 weeks) when compared to the UNSUP group (p Ͻ 0.05). Finally, the percent increase in the 3RM bench press, 3RM squat, and chin-up max was also significantly greater in the SUP group than in the UNSUP group (p Ͻ 0.05). These findings show that the direct supervision of resistance training in young athletes results in greater training adherence and increased strength gains than does unsupervised training.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Effect of Direct Supervision of a Strength Coach on Measures of Muscular Strength and Power in Young Rugby League Players

Coutts

Murphy²,

Dascombe³

2004

J Strength Cond Res

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“…Additional youth resistance training guidelines that include qualified supervision and an appropriate progression of training loads are available elsewhere. [35][36][37] An interesting anecdotal observation from this study is that children seemed to enjoy high repetition-moderate load training more so than low repetition-heavy load training.…”

Section: Muscular Endurancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Different Resistance Training Protocols on Muscular Strength and Endurance Development in Children

et al. 1999

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ABSTRACT. Background. Previous research has shown that children can increase their muscular strength and muscular endurance as a result of regular participation in a progressive resistance training program. However, the most effective exercise prescription regarding the number of repetitions remains questionable.Objective. To compare the effects of a low repetitionheavy load resistance training program and a high repetition-moderate load resistance training program on the development of muscular strength and muscular endurance in children.Design. Prospective, controlled trial. Setting. Community-based youth fitness center. Subjects. Eleven girls and 32 boys between the ages of 5.2 and 11.8 years.Intervention. In twice-weekly sessions of resistance training for 8 weeks, children performed 1 set of 6 to 8 repetitions with a heavy load (n ‫؍‬ 15) or 1 set of 13 to 15 repetitions with a moderate load (n ‫؍‬ 16) on child-size exercise machines. Children in the control group (n ‫؍‬ 12) did not resistance train. One repetition maximum (RM) strength and muscular endurance (repetitions performed posttraining with the pretraining 1-RM load) were determined on the leg extension and chest press exercises.Results. One RM leg extension strength significantly increased in both exercise groups compared with that in the control subjects. Increases of 31.0% and 40.9%, respectively, for the low repetition-heavy load and high repetition-moderate load groups were observed. Leg extension muscular endurance significantly increased in both exercise groups compared with that in the control subjects, although gains resulting from high repetitionmoderate load training (13.1 ؎ 6.2 repetitions) were significantly greater than those resulting from low repetition-heavy load training (8.7 ؎ 2.9 repetitions). On the chest press exercise, only the high repetition-moderate load exercise group made gains in 1-RM strength (16.3%) and muscular endurance (5.2 ؎ 3.6 repetitions) that were significantly greater than gains in the control subjects.Conclusion. These findings support the concept that muscular strength and muscular endurance can be improved during the childhood years and favor the prescription of higher repetition-moderate load resistance training programs during the initial adaptation period. Pediatrics 1999;104(1). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/ cgi/content/full/104/1/e5; strength training, weight training, exercise, youth, preadolescent.ABBREVIATIONS. RM, repetition maximum; DCER, dynamic constant external resistance. I n the past several years, resistance training has proven to be a safe and effective method of conditioning for children, provided that appropriate exercise guidelines are followed.1-3 Although the capability of children to increase their muscular strength was questioned in the past, 4 current findings suggest that children may benefit from regular participation in resistance training activities. Reports indicate that youth resistance training may improve motor performance skills, 5 may reduce injuries in sports and recre...

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“…Such gains in strength can be attributed to neuromuscular "learning," in which training increases the number of motor neurons that will fire with each muscle contraction. 2,6,7 This mechanism helps explain strength gains from resistance training in populations with low androgen levels, including females and preadolescent males. Strength training can also augment the muscle enlargement that normally occurs with pubertal growth in males and females.…”

Section: Benefits Of Resistance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strength training can also augment the muscle enlargement that normally occurs with pubertal growth in males and females. 3,6,8,9 Strength training can improve an adolescent athlete's performance in weight lifting and power lifting. Strength training is a common practice in sports like football in which size and strength are desirable.…”

Section: Benefits Of Resistance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%