Resistance to Transgenic Crops and Pest Outbreaks

Tabashnik, Bruce E.; Carrière, Yves

doi:10.1002/9781118295205.ch16

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…10,13,16 In India, refuges of non-Bt cotton have been required, but apparently compliance has been low. 17,57 In China, non-Bt cotton refuges have not been required. 16 This lack of refuges may be a key factor promoting faster evolution of pink bollworm resistance in these two countries compared with the United States.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although pink bollworm evolved resistance to Bt cotton in about nine years in India, 13,17 it has remained susceptible in 1997-2005 demonstrated sustained effectiveness of Bt cotton against pink bollworm. 18,24 Below we summarize results from our two primary resistance monitoring methods, diet bioassays and DNA screening.…”

Section: Pink Bollworm and Bt Cotton In Arizonamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 Although many target pest populations remain susceptible, some degree of field-evolved resistance to Bt crops has been reported in at least seven species of major pests. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Field-evolved resistance to Bt toxins has caused field control failures in some, but not all cases. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Here we focus on resistance to Bt cotton in the pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), one of the world's most devastating pests of cotton.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustained susceptibility of pink bollworm to Bt cotton in the United States

et al. 2012

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Evolution of resistance by pests can reduce the benefits of transgenic crops that produce toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for insect control. One of the world's most important cotton pests, pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), has been targeted for control by transgenic cotton producing Bt toxin Cry1Ac in several countries for more than a decade. In China, the frequency of resistance to Cry1Ac has increased, but control failures have not been reported. In western India, pink bollworm resistance to Cry1Ac has caused widespread control failures of Bt cotton. By contrast, in the state of Arizona in the southwestern United States, monitoring data from bioassays and DNA screening demonstrate sustained susceptibility to Cry1Ac for 16 y. From 1996-2005, the main factors that delayed resistance in Arizona appear to be abundant refuges of non-Bt cotton, recessive inheritance of resistance, fitness costs associated with resistance and incomplete resistance. From 2006-2011, refuge abundance was greatly reduced in Arizona, while mass releases of sterile pink bollworm moths were made to delay resistance as part of a multi-tactic eradication program. Sustained susceptibility of pink bollworm to Bt cotton in Arizona has provided a cornerstone for the pink bollworm eradication program and for integrated pest management in cotton. Reduced insecticide use against pink bollworm and other cotton pests has yielded economic benefits for growers, as well as broad environmental and health benefits. We encourage increased efforts to combine Bt crops with other tactics in integrated pest management programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pink Bollworm and Bt Cotton In Arizonamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustained susceptibility of pink bollworm to Bt cotton in the United States

et al. 2012

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Insect resistance to Bt crops: lessons from the first billion acres

2013

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Evolution of resistance in pests can reduce the effectiveness of insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produced by transgenic crops. We analyzed results of 77 studies from five continents reporting field monitoring data for resistance to Bt crops, empirical evaluation of factors affecting resistance or both. Although most pest populations remained susceptible, reduced efficacy of Bt crops caused by field-evolved resistance has been reported now for some populations of 5 of 13 major pest species examined, compared with resistant populations of only one pest species in 2005. Field outcomes support theoretical predictions that factors delaying resistance include recessive inheritance of resistance, low initial frequency of resistance alleles, abundant refuges of non-Bt host plants and two-toxin Bt crops deployed separately from one-toxin Bt crops. The results imply that proactive evaluation of the inheritance and initial frequency of resistance are useful for predicting the risk of resistance and improving strategies to sustain the effectiveness of Bt crops.

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Resistance to Transgenic Crops and Pest Outbreaks

Cited by 2 publications

References 41 publications

Sustained susceptibility of pink bollworm to Bt cotton in the United States

Sustained susceptibility of pink bollworm to Bt cotton in the United States

Insect resistance to Bt crops: lessons from the first billion acres

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