Resistance to the tetracyclines and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin group of antibiotics and its genetic linkage – a review

Abstract

Marosevic D, Kaevska M, Jaglic Z. Resistance to the tetracyclines and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin group of antibiotics and its genetic linkage -a review. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2017; 24(2): 338-344. https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/74718 AbstractAn excessive use of antimicrobial agents poses a risk for the selection of resistant bacteria. Of particular interest are antibiotics that have large consumption rates in both veterinary and human medicine, such as the tetracyclines and macrolidelincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) group of antibiotics. A high load of these agents increases the risk of transmission of resistant bacteria and/or resistance determinants to humans, leading to a subsequent therapeutic failure. An increasing incidence of bacteria resistant to both tetracyclines and MLS antibiotics has been recently observed. This review summarizes the current knowledge on different tetracycline and MLS resistance genes that can be linked together on transposable elements.

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“…MLS B antibiotics are commonly used to treat salmonellosis, shigellosis, and sexually transmitted diseases. This class of antibiotics is able to inhibit the peptidyl transferase reaction (lincosamides and streptogramin A) or peptide elongation (erythromycin) and blocks the ribosomal exit of the nascent peptide chains (streptogramin B) (Cocito, Di Giambattista, Nyssen, & Vannuffel, ; Marosevic et al., ; Poulsen, Kofoed, & Vester, ). To date, erm (erythromycin rRNA methylase) determinants represent a threat to human health because they confer cross‐resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B (Marosevic et al., ).…”

“…This class of antibiotics is able to inhibit the peptidyl transferase reaction (lincosamides and streptogramin A) or peptide elongation (erythromycin) and blocks the ribosomal exit of the nascent peptide chains (streptogramin B) (Cocito, Di Giambattista, Nyssen, & Vannuffel, ; Marosevic et al., ; Poulsen, Kofoed, & Vester, ). To date, erm (erythromycin rRNA methylase) determinants represent a threat to human health because they confer cross‐resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B (Marosevic et al., ). It is noteworthy that some transposons (for example, Tn1545 and Tn917) involved in the transfer of erm genes can simultaneously carry tet determinants (Marosevic et al., ), leading to the occurrence of multiresistance.…”

“…To date, erm (erythromycin rRNA methylase) determinants represent a threat to human health because they confer cross‐resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B (Marosevic et al., ). It is noteworthy that some transposons (for example, Tn1545 and Tn917) involved in the transfer of erm genes can simultaneously carry tet determinants (Marosevic et al., ), leading to the occurrence of multiresistance.…”

“…This functional group influences the permeability of these molecules across biological membranes, thus mediating the absorption of the antibiotic by bacterial cells (Pérez-Rodríguez, Pellerano, Pezza, & Pezza, 2018). Resistance to tetracycline is generally mediated by the Tn916 conjugative transposon family, as well as other transposons (for example, Tn5253, Tn5385, ICESp2905) (Marosevic, Kaevska, & Jaglic, 2017). These mobile elements code for proteins involved in efflux pump systems, ribosomal protection, and enzymatic inactivation of tetracyclines (Marosevic et al, 2017).…”

“…Resistance to tetracycline is generally mediated by the Tn916 conjugative transposon family, as well as other transposons (for example, Tn5253, Tn5385, ICESp2905) (Marosevic, Kaevska, & Jaglic, 2017). These mobile elements code for proteins involved in efflux pump systems, ribosomal protection, and enzymatic inactivation of tetracyclines (Marosevic et al, 2017).…”