Resistance to the rice gall midge, Orseolia Oryzae in rice

Heinrichs, E. A.; Pathak, P. K.

doi:10.1017/s1742758400000278

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…By 1980, Þeld and greenhouse evaluations identiÞed Ͼ258 germplasm donors resistant to O. oryzae (Pathak and Heinrichs 1982). With O. oryzae being endoparasitic, breeding resistant rice varieties has been a viable, ecologically acceptable approach for management of this pest (Shastry et al 1971, Kalode 1980, Heinrichs and Pathak 1981, Kalode et al 1983, Sain and Kalode 1994, Rao et al 1995, Krishnaiah et al 1994, Mohanty et al 1994, Nair and Devi 1994, Khush 1997, Mathur et al 1999.…”

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confidence: 99%

Resistance Mechanism in Rice to the Midge <I>Orseolia oryzae</I> (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Vijaykumar

Chakravarthy²,

Patil³

et al. 2009

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The midge Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is a major and endemic pest throughout Asia. The pest is difficult to manage in view of a mixture of biotypes co-occurring in the same location and showing variable response to cultivated rice, Oryza sativa L., varieties and differentials. To develop an understanding of the resistance mechanism(s), studies were initiated during wet 2005 and 2006 in Coastal Karnataka. Antibiosis was the predominant resistance category. The maggots survived but as first instar only on all the resistant genotypes. On susceptible genotypes, larvae reached second instar at 7 d after release, third instar at 14 d after release, and pupal stage at 18 d after adult release. However, in certain resistant genotypes, maggot mortality was evident in the absence of the susceptible plant silver shoot condition. In all resistant genotypes, distinct antibiosis was observed at 14 d after adult release. Antixenosis was evident in few genotypes. So, the midge resistance in rice is manifested as a mixture of antixenosis and antibiosis. Estimation of biochemical constituents in rice shoot apices of selected resistant genotypes revealed higher levels of total phenols and total free amino acids compared with susceptible genotypes. But, the amount of total sugars, reducing sugars, crude proteins, and amino acids were not related to resistance. Biochemical profiles in relation to midge infestation showed increased phenol and decreased proline and indole acetic acid content in the growing apical meristem of resistant genotypes compared with susceptible genotypes.

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confidence: 99%

Resistance Mechanism in Rice to the Midge <I>Orseolia oryzae</I> (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Vijaykumar

Chakravarthy²,

Patil³

et al. 2009

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“…Arguments for the use of partial, polygenic resistance have particular relevance for AfRGM, in view of experience with the Asian rice gall midge. The main problem with the use of varietal resistance against that species has been that the strong resistance bred into the improved varieties is controlled by a few major genes and has proved to be ‘vertical’– that is, the genes are not effective against all biotypes of the pest (H EINRICHS and P ATHAK , 1981; K ALODE and B ENTUR , 1989). Previously resistant varieties have become susceptible in parts of India and Thailand probably because virulent biotypes have increased as a result of strong selection pressure (H EINRICHS and P ATHAK , 1981; B ENTUR et al., 1987; S RINIVAS et al., 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of host plant resistance in Oryza sativa to the African rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzivora Harris and Gagné (Dipt., Cecidomyiidae), with a description of a new method for screening under artificial infestation

Williams¹,

Ukwungwu²,

Singh³

et al. 2001

J Applied Entomology

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A new method is described for screening rice germplasm for resistance to the African rice gall midge (AfRGM), Orseolia oryzivora, year‐round under conditions similar to a severe natural outbreak, using an AfRGM culture to start infestation in a tunnel screenhouse over an irrigated rice field. During 1996 and 1997, 907 test entries of Oryza sativa were screened. Eighteen entries, 17 of which were traditional African lines, had infestation levels at least 50% below those on the partially resistant check variety NHTA 8 at 63–70 days after transplanting, though none showed very strong resistance. When traditional African lines and improved lines were screened together, the latter were on average markedly more susceptible. A field trial using caged plots indicated that even under no‐choice conditions the varieties NHTA 8 and Eguazankpa maintained their partial resistance relative to the susceptible variety ITA 306. A comparison of the new screenhouse screening method with one using seedlings in insect cages suggested that the latter was less suitable for detecting partial resistance. An experiment in which NHTA 8 and ITA 306 were infested with one to four neonate AfRGM larvae per seedling showed that the difference in resistance between these varieties decreased with increasing infestation pressure. The potential role of partial resistance in the management of AfRGM, and methods for detecting it, are discussed.

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“…The initiation and development of the gall depends on a delicate interaction between the insect and the host plant (Weis et al, 1988;Rohfritsch, 1992). Resistant plant genotypes have been exploited in plant breeding of cultivated plants, e.g., in wheat against Mayetiola destructor (Russell, 1978), in rice against Orseolia oryzae (Pathak & Saxena, 1980;Heinrichs & Pathak, 1981) and in basket willow against Dasineura marginemtorquens (Strong et al, 1993). If this manipulation fails, the insect cannot develop in most cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to obtain food, the gall former needs to manipulate its host plant. However, in each of the systems, the wheat-Mayetiola (e.g., Hatchett & Gallun, 1970), the rice-Orseolia (e.g., Heinrichs & Pathak, 1981;Bentur & Kalode, 1996) and the willow-Dasineura (Glynn & Larsson, 2000), midge genotypes have appeared that successfully manipulate and develop on the resis-tant plant genotype. Most gall formers therefore are specialists on particular host species (Weis et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On resistant plant genotypes with a near-immune type of resistance, no galls are produced and midge larvae die in the first larval instar. Resistant plant genotypes have been exploited in plant breeding of cultivated plants, e.g., in wheat against Mayetiola destructor (Russell, 1978), in rice against Orseolia oryzae (Pathak & Saxena, 1980;Heinrichs & Pathak, 1981) and in basket willow against Dasineura marginemtorquens (Strong et al, 1993). However, in each of the systems, the wheat-Mayetiola (e.g., Hatchett & Gallun, 1970), the rice-Orseolia (e.g., Heinrichs & Pathak, 1981;Bentur & Kalode, 1996) and the willow-Dasineura (Glynn & Larsson, 2000), midge genotypes have appeared that successfully manipulate and develop on the resis-tant plant genotype.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biotypes of Dasineura tetensi, differing in ability to gall and develop on black currant genotypes

Hellqvist

2001

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Variation in damage levels on certain black currant, Ribes nigrum L., genotypes, caused by the black currant leaf midge, Dasineura tetensi (Rübs.) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), has been observed in northern Sweden. I investigated whether this variation is due to variation in virulence among midges. From a field population of midges, I successfully selected for virulence and avirulence, respectively, on the resistant black currant genotype cultivar 'Storklas' (called resistant genotype). The performance of avirulent and virulent midge larvae on two black currant genotypes were studied in experiments where first or second instar larvae were artificially transferred. There were no differences in larval survival and developmental rate between the two midge types when transferred to the susceptible currant genotype '7801-31' (called susceptible genotype). Larvae of the virulent strain established galls and developed on 'Storklas' but development was initially slower there than on the susceptible currant genotype. Larvae of the avirulent strain suffered high mortality or remained in first instar on that same currant genotype when transferred alone, but developed readily if transferred together with virulent larvae. Larvae transferred in second instar to host plants susceptible to the larvae resumed feeding and developed further to maturity. Second instar larvae were also able to establish new galls even though these galls were not as well developed as those caused by first instar larvae. Black currant plantations in northern Sweden were surveyed and local midge populations were found to be composed of either avirulent, virulent or a mixture of both midge types. Virulent midges were not restricted to plantations where resistant currant genotypes were grown. I conclude that, at least, two biotypes of the midge exist, and that those two are distinguished by the ability to gall and survive on 'Storklas'.

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Resistance to the rice gall midge, Orseolia Oryzae in rice

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Resistance Mechanism in Rice to the Midge <I>Orseolia oryzae</I> (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Resistance Mechanism in Rice to the Midge <I>Orseolia oryzae</I> (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Assessment of host plant resistance in Oryza sativa to the African rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzivora Harris and Gagné (Dipt., Cecidomyiidae), with a description of a new method for screening under artificial infestation

Biotypes of Dasineura tetensi, differing in ability to gall and develop on black currant genotypes

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