Resistance to spinosad in the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), in greenhouses of south‐eastern Spain

Abstract

Susceptibility to spinosad of western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), from south-eastern Spain was determined. LC(50) values of the field populations without previous exposure to spinosad collected in Murcia in 2001 and 2002 ranged from 0.005 to 0.077 mg L(-1). The populations collected in Almeria in 2003 in greenhouses were resistant to spinosad (LC(50) > 54 mg L(-1)) compared with the authors' highly susceptible laboratory strain. The highly sensitive laboratory strain leads to very high resistance ratios for the field populations (>13 500), but these ratios do not necessarily mean resistance problems and control failures (spinosad field rate 90-120 mg L(-1)). The populations collected in Murcia from some greenhouses in 2004 were also resistant to spinosad (RF > 3682). Spinosad overuse, with more than ten applications per crop, produced these resistant populations in some greenhouses. Spinosad showed no cross-resistance to acrinathrin, formetanate or methiocarb in laboratory strains selected for resistance towards each insecticide. Correlation analysis indicated no cross-resistance among spinosad and the other three insecticides in 13 field populations and in nine laboratory strains. The synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and diethyl maleate (DEM) did not enhance the toxicity of spinosad to the resistant strains, indicating that metabolic-mediated detoxification was not responsible for the spinosad resistance. These findings suggest that rotation with spinosad may be an effective resistance management strategy.

The spinosyn family of insecticides: realizing the potential of natural products research

“…108 Variable degrees of cross-resistance in a variety of pest species between spinosad and some, but not all, other agents have been reported. [109][110][111][112][113][114] Despite the many differences in details, the overriding conclusion of most studies is that rotation of different mechanistic classes of insecticides is critical to manage resistance problems. Combinations of insecticides have also been considered as means to minimize resistance.…”

Thrips in Medicinal Crops in Korea:Identification and Their Damages

“…일반 적으로 총채벌레류는 크기가 성충을 기준으로 1.0~1.5 ㎜ 정 도의 미소곤충이고 주로 식물의 잎이나 꽃 등 연약한 부위나 조직 틈에 서식하는데, 기주식물 재배 초기에 발생시 생장점 부위를 집중적으로 가해하기 때문에 생육초기에는 낮은 밀도 로 발생하더라도 적절한 시기에 예찰하여 방제를 수행하지 않 을 경우 작물의 생육 위축 등 많은 피해를 줄 수 있다 (Cho et al, 2000). 또한 최근 꽃노랑총채벌레 등 총채벌레류에 대한 약 제저항성 계통의 출현이 지속적으로 보고되고 있어 총채벌레류 는 방제 수행시 약제의 교호사용 등 주의가 필요한 난방제 해충 으로 알려져 있다 (Cho et al, 2000;Bielza et al, 2007 위축되고 기형이 되어 전체적인 생장 위축 현상을 보였다 ( Fig. 5 and 6).…”

Negative Cross Resistance of Leucinodes orbonalis Population of Brinjal to Newer Molecule Spinetoram 12 SC W/V (11.7 W/W)

“…Since toxicity of many insecticides decline as larvae age (Mayuravalli et al, 1985;Rao and Dhingra, 1996), insecticides should be applied against early larva stages to maximize control efficacy. Variable degrees of crossresistance in a variety of pest species between spinosad and other few insecticides have been reported (Dunley et al, 2006;Magna et al, 2007;Lambkin and Rice, 2007;Bielza, 2007;Sayyed et al, 2008b).…”