Resistance to Small Doses of Insulin in Various Clinical Conditions 1

Abstract

In a number of clinical conditions the response of the level of blood sugar to a given dosage of insulin is less than that obtained in normal individuals. This phenomenon is commonly termed insulin resistance. Soon after the discovery of insulin numlerous investigators described

Fructose-induced leptin resistance: discovery of an unsuspected form of the phenomenon and its significance. Focus on “Fructose-induced leptin resistance exacerbates weight gain in response to subsequent high-fat feeding,” by Shapiro et al.

“…Nevertheless, studies examining the required time of onset, specific nutritional determinants, and behavioral effects of carbohydrate-or fat-induced leptin resistance in humans appear feasible. Note that the concept of insulin resistance was well known before safe and effective techniques for its measurement were developed (20,26,48,49). The value of finding a specific protocol that reliably induces leptin resistance in at least some individuals would be considerable.…”

Insulin resistant diabetes mellitus in association with haemochromatosis

“…Insulin resistance due to antibodies has been reported in association with hepatic fibrosis resulting from a number of causes (Olsen and Neutzel, 1950). However, the infrequency and haphazard nature of its occurrence in such states makes it appear improbable that hepatic fibrosis per se is a cause of antibody formation.…”

Studies on the Interdependent Effects of Stress and the Adrenal Cortex on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Man 1

“…Since the observations of Fraser, Albright, and Smith (14) on glucose and insulin tolerance in adrenal disorders and of Ingle, Sheppard, Evans, and Kuizenga (18) on the production with ACTH or cortisone of an insulin resistant type of diabetes in the rat, it has been accepted without question that insulin insensitivity is a characteristic feature of the response to adrenal hormone overdosage. During illness, insulin resistance has also been described (19), but this depends to some extent on the severity of illness and has not been universally confirmed (30).…”

“…In order to explore further the relationship between the effects of cortisone and illness on carbo- As is apparent in Figure 6, Olsen and Nuetzel who reAt two and three hours, blood sugar levels ported that there was a good negative correlation e two ill groups were significantly higher between the severity of illness and the fall in blood normals on the sixth day of cortisone treat-sugar after insulin exhibited by patients during Although the cortisone treated ill group insulin tolerance tests (19). In the experiments ilood sugar levels at all but thirty minutes described in the previous section, the possibility rthan the untreated ill subjects, only the dif-of relative insulin resistance was considered in .e at fasting met the test of statistical signifi-ill patients and in normal subjects who were Samples drawn at 1, 2, and 3 hours treated chronically with cortisone.…”