Resistance to serum killing may contribute to differences in the abilities of capsulate and non-capsulated isolates ofLactococcus garvieae to cause disease in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss L.)

Barnes, Andrew C.; Guyot, Céline; Hansen, Bertel; MacKenzie, K.; Horne, M. T.; Ellis, A.E.

doi:10.1006/fsim.2001.0361

Cited by 52 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…Viable bacteria were recovered from the blood and spleen of fish treated with yellowtail anti-NSS9310 strain serum, but at lower levels than from fish injected with non-immune fish serum. These results support previous findings that humoral immunity plays an important role in protection against infection by Lactococcus garvieae (Ooyama et al 1999, Barnes et al 2002a. They suggest, moreover, that complete immune protection against the infection could be induced with NSS9310 antigens in combination with other antigens.…”

Section: Kg+ Phenotype Cells Induced High Protection Insupporting

confidence: 91%

Cell-surface properties of Lactococcus garvieae strains and their immunogenicity in the yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata

Ooyama¹,

Hirokawa²,

Minami³

et al. 2002

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The cell-surface properties of strains of Lactococcus garvieae were examined. Two capsular types were found, one with a highly developed capsule (KG9408) and one with a micro-capsule (MS93003) carrying fimbriae-like components projecting from the cell surface. One strain (NSS9310) had neither cell capsular nor fimbriae-like structures on its cell surface. The strains with the highly developed capsule were more virulent to fish than either the micro-capsular or non-capsular strains. The KG9408, MS93003 and NSS9310 strains could be clearly differentiated by their susceptibility to bacteriophages. Protection against L. garvieae infection was induced in the yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata by immunization with formalin-killed L. garvieae KG9408 and MS93003 cells. Although protection was also induced by immunization with NSS9310, the level of protection was significantly lower than that with KG9408 and MS93003 vaccines. Passive immunization with yellowtail immune sera raised against KG9408 and MS93003 conferred strong protection on yellowtail with rapid bacterial clearance after challenge with L. garvieae. Immunoblotting analysis of protein antigens extracted from L. garvieae strains using rabbit anti-KG9408 and anti-MS93003 sera and yellowtail anti-KG9408 and anti-MS93003 sera indicated that some bands in KG9408 and MS93003 strains were not detectable in NSS9310.KEY WORDS: Immunogenicity ⋅ Lactococcus garvieae ⋅ Seriola quinqueradiata ⋅ Cell capsule ⋅ Fimbriae Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 51: [169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177] 2002 thought to play roles in the pathogenicity of L. garvieae infection, possibly by increasing resistance to fish phagocytosis (Yoshida et al. 1996(Yoshida et al. , 1997.Control of Lactococcus garvieae infection in yellowtail culture has depended on chemotherapy with macrolides. The identification of multiple drug-resistant strains has indicated future problems in controlling the pathogen (Aoki et al. 1990). Recently, oral and injectable vaccines against L. garvieae infection in Seriola quinqueradiata have been developed and commercialized in Japan. Experimental vaccination against L. garvieae has been described (Iida et al. 1982, Sato et al. 1996 and has been reported to provide immunity and increased opsonic activity in the fish. However, no detailed information on the antigenicity of L. garvieae phenotypes nor the duration of the immunity was given. The protective mechanisms of the L. garvieae vaccine remains unknown.In a previous study, Ooyama et al. (1999) reported that formalin-killed Lactococcus garvieae KG-phenotype (capsulated phenotypes) cells and KG+ phenotype (noncapsulated) cells induced strong immunity in Seriola quinqueradiata against artificial infection and longlasting agglutinating titres against non-capsulated cells (avirulent KG+ phenotype). Furthermore, appendages (fimbriae-like structures) were seen extending from the cell surface of L. garvieae KG-phenotype, with some destruction of...

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Section: Kg+ Phenotype Cells Induced High Protection Insupporting

confidence: 91%

Cell-surface properties of Lactococcus garvieae strains and their immunogenicity in the yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata

Ooyama¹,

Hirokawa²,

Minami³

et al. 2002

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Likewise, we identified the gene involved in resistance to clindamycin, which has been described to be characteristic of this species (7). As expected for a Lactococcus garvieae strain virulent for fish (5), genes related to capsule biosynthesis were found.…”

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confidence: 76%

Genome Sequence of Lactococcus garvieae 8831, Isolated from Rainbow Trout Lactococcosis Outbreaks in Spain

et al. 2011

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“…As previously described by several authors, a wide variety of mammalian and fish bacterial pathogens are resistant to normal serum killing, whereas nonvirulent strains of Gram-negative bacteria and capsule and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mutants are generally susceptible to the bactericidal activity of the serum (2,8,9,27,62). In this study, it was demonstrated that both the F. asiatica wild type and a ⌬iglC mutant are resistant to the action of the complement in tilapia serum.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Interaction of Francisella asiatica with Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) Innate Immunity

et al. 2010

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Members of the genus Francisella are facultative intracellular bacteria that cause important diseases in a wide variety of animals worldwide, including humans and fish. Several genes that are important for intramacrophage survival have been identified, including the iglC gene, which is found in the iglABCD operon in the Francisella sp. pathogenicity island (FPI). In the present study, we examined the interaction of wild-type Francisella asiatica and a ⌬iglC mutant strain with fish serum and head kidney-derived macrophages (HKDM). Both the wild-type and the mutant strains were resistant to killing by normal and heat-inactivated sera. The wild-type F. asiatica is able to invade tilapia head kidney-derived macrophages and replicate vigorously within them, causing apoptosis and cytotoxicity in the macrophages at 24 and 36 h postinfection. The ⌬iglC mutant, however, is defective for survival, replication, and the ability to cause cytotoxicity in HKDM, but the ability is restored when the mutant is complemented with the iglC gene. Uptake by the HKDM was mediated partially by complement and partially by macrophage mannose receptors, as demonstrated by in vitro assays. Light and electron microscopy analysis of the infected macrophages revealed intracellular bacteria present in a tight vacuole at 2 h postinoculation and the presence of numerous bacteria in spacious vacuoles at 12 h postinfection, with some bacteria free in the cytoplasm.Francsiella asiatica and Francsiella noatunensis are recently described members of the genus Francisella (42, 43). Francisella noatunensis isolates were recovered from diseased cultured cod (Gadus morhua) in Norway (42,43). Francsiella asiatica (isolate Ehime-1) was recovered from diseased three line grunt (Parapristipoma trilineatum) in Japan and was the isolate used to describe the new species (31, 43). In the last 5 years the bacterium has caused substantial mortality in tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) and other important warm and cold water species cultured in the United States (including Hawaii);

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Resistance to serum killing may contribute to differences in the abilities of capsulate and non-capsulated isolates ofLactococcus garvieae to cause disease in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss L.)

Cited by 52 publications

References 12 publications

Cell-surface properties of Lactococcus garvieae strains and their immunogenicity in the yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata

Cell-surface properties of Lactococcus garvieae strains and their immunogenicity in the yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata

Genome Sequence of Lactococcus garvieae 8831, Isolated from Rainbow Trout Lactococcosis Outbreaks in Spain

Interaction of Francisella asiatica with Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) Innate Immunity

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