Resistance to Organophosphates and Carbamates in Anopheles albimanus Based on Reduced Sensitivity of Acetylcholinesterase12

Ayad, Hafez M.; Georghiou, George P.

doi:10.1093/jee/68.3.295

Cited by 72 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…However, although insecticide-insensitive AChE has been widely documented biochemically from a range of both Culex and Anopheles mosquitoes (Ayad & Georghiou 1975;Hemingway & Georghiou 1983;Hemingway et al 1985;Raymond et al 1986; Haas et al…”

Section: (C) Acetylcholinesterasementioning

confidence: 99%

Why are there so few resistance–associated mutations in insecticide target genes?

ffrench-Constant

Pittendrigh

Vaughan³

et al. 1998

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

120

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The genes encoding the three major targets of conventional insecticides are: Rdl, which encodes a g-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit (RDL); para, which encodes a voltage-gated sodium channel (PARA); and Ace, which encodes insect acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Interestingly, despite the complexity of the encoded receptors or enzymes, very few amino acid residues are replaced in di¡erent resistant insects: one within RDL, two within PARA and three or more within AChE. Here we examine the possible reasons underlying this extreme conservation by looking at the aspects of receptor and/or enzyme function that may constrain replacements to such a limited number of residues.

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Section: (C) Acetylcholinesterasementioning

confidence: 99%

Why are there so few resistance–associated mutations in insecticide target genes?

ffrench-Constant

Pittendrigh

Vaughan³

et al. 1998

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

120

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“…In parts of this country where agriculture remained traditional and where these pesticides had not been used, An. This would explain the high resistance to the two classes of insecticides (Ayad and Georghiou, 1975). There was a positive correlation between the quantities of insecticides used in agriculture and the level of resistance in An.…”

Section: American Regionsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Agriculture and Vector Resistance

Mouchet¹

1988

Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci.

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Agricultural treatments mainly against cotton and rice pests put a considerable insecticide pressure on larvae and sometimes adults of several vector species. Resistances to compounds which had never been used for public health, but were currently employed in agriculture were observed among vectors. It was also noticed that resistance level in some vector species was linked to the quantity of the compound used in the same area against crop pests.Resistance in Anopheles gambiae in Africa, in An. albimanus in Central America, in An. culicifacies and An. aconitus in South East Asia, in An. sacharovi in Turkey, in Culex tritaeniorhynchus in the Far East as well as the DDT resistance in Simulium damnosum in West Africa, seem to be associated with the agricultural practices.On the other hand, resistance did not develop in species which, due to their ecology, were not in contact with agricultural insecticide even in areas where DDT was applied for more than 20 years in house spraying. This is the case of An. dirus and An. minimus in Thailand and An. darlingi South America.However several important factors like Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, have developed resistance for which agricultural treatments cannot be held responsible. It would be worth saying that the rise in malaria in certain countries, such as India, is only due to the increase of insecticide in agriculture after the "green revolution".

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“…Resistance due to the insensitivity of acetycholinesterse to inhibition by the applied insecticide has been proven in the case of a strain of An. albim anus from El Salvador which is resistant to malathion, malaxon and to the carbamate, propoxur (Ayad and Georghiou, 1975). Alteration in acetycholinesterase, the target site, is thought to be responsible for the broad-spectrum resistance to OP in many insect pests, including An.…”

Section: Insecticide Action and The Cuticlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…pipiens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (Ayad and Georghiou, 1975;Kamimura and Maruyama, 1983;Hem ingway et al, 1985;Raymond et al, 1985).…”

Section: Insecticide Action and The Cuticlementioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in cuticular hydrocarbons among strains of Anopheles (Cellia) stephensi Liston possibly related to prior insecticide exposure

Anyanwu

Davies

Molyneux

et al. 1997

Annals of Tropical Medicine And Parasitology

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Cuticular lipids were extracted in hexane from the females of four strains of Anopheles stephensi and separated by capillary gas chromatography. When the chromatograms produced were quantified and compared by discriminant analysis, compositional variations in the hydrocarbons indicated that two of the strains, 'Russ' (originally isolated in the former (U.S.S.R.) and 'Iraq' (from Iraq), both of which were susceptible to DDT and malathion, could be confidently separated from 'Beech' from India and 'St Mal' from Pakistan, both of which were resistant to DDT and malathion. A high degree of hydrocarbon segregation between each of the four strains might be associated with geographical variation. It appears that there are significant and real differences in the hydrocarbons of these strains and these may be at least partially related to genetic alterations resulting from prior insecticide exposure. However, far more analysis is required if any relationship with prior exposure is to be confirmed.

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Resistance to Organophosphates and Carbamates in Anopheles albimanus Based on Reduced Sensitivity of Acetylcholinesterase12

Cited by 72 publications

References 0 publications

Why are there so few resistance–associated mutations in insecticide target genes?

Why are there so few resistance–associated mutations in insecticide target genes?

Agriculture and Vector Resistance

Variation in cuticular hydrocarbons among strains of Anopheles (Cellia) stephensi Liston possibly related to prior insecticide exposure

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