Resistance to Interference of Olfactory Perceptual Learning

Stevenson, Richard J.; Case, Trevor I.; Tomiczek, Caroline

doi:10.1007/bf03395567

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“… 24 It is interesting that while verbal and visual cues may affect olfactory information processing, olfactory memories usually last longer than memories formed through other sensory modalities and have more emotional valence. 25 , 26 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory discrimination predicts cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults

et al. 2012

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The presence of olfactory dysfunction in individuals at higher risk of Alzheimer's disease has significant diagnostic and screening implications for preventive and ameliorative drug trials. Olfactory threshold, discrimination and identification can be reliably recorded in the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. The current study has examined the ability of various olfactory functions in predicting cognitive decline in a community-dwelling sample. A group of 308 participants, aged 46–86 years old, were recruited for this study. After 3 years of follow-up, participants were divided into cognitively declined and non-declined groups based on their performance on a neuropsychological battery. Assessment of olfactory functions using the Sniffin' Sticks battery indicated that, contrary to previous findings, olfactory discrimination, but not olfactory identification, significantly predicted subsequent cognitive decline (odds ratio=0.869; P<0.05; 95% confidence interval=0.764−0.988). The current study findings confirm previously reported associations between olfactory and cognitive functions, and indicate that impairment in olfactory discrimination can predict future cognitive decline. These findings further our current understanding of the association between cognition and olfaction, and support olfactory assessment in screening those at higher risk of dementia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory discrimination predicts cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults

et al. 2012

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“…The color task used either uncolored room temperature tap water or water colored light gray or dark gray. The dyes used to color the water appeared to have no detectable taste or smell in a prior pilot experiment (see Stevenson, Case, & Tomiczek, 2007, for olfactory testing methods). These too were presented to participants in the same manner as for the temperature task.…”

Section: Methods Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt-Induced Thirst Results in Increased Finickiness in Humans

2010

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“…Perceptual learning, which contributes to the improvement of an organism’s ability to extract information from the environment ( Gibson, 1969 ; Rabin et al, 1989 ), can affect the way in which a mixture of odorants is processed. In humans, odor-odor perceptual learning has been described and is likely comparable to odor-taste learning ( Wilson and Stevenson, 2003a ; Case et al, 2004 ; Stevenson et al, 2007 ). For instance, when two odorants were repeatedly experienced in a binary mixture, each odorant’s odor could acquire the perceptual quality of the other.…”

Section: Odor Objects: Configural Processing Of Odorants In Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The perception of odor objects in everyday life: a review on the processing of odor mixtures

et al. 2014

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Smelling monomolecular odors hardly ever occurs in everyday life, and the daily functioning of the sense of smell relies primarily on the processing of complex mixtures of volatiles that are present in the environment (e.g., emanating from food or conspecifics). Such processing allows for the instantaneous recognition and categorization of smells and also for the discrimination of odors among others to extract relevant information and to adapt efficiently in different contexts. The neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning this highly efficient analysis of complex mixtures of odorants is beginning to be unraveled and support the idea that olfaction, as vision and audition, relies on odor-objects encoding. This configural processing of odor mixtures, which is empirically subject to important applications in our societies (e.g., the art of perfumers, flavorists, and wine makers), has been scientifically studied only during the last decades. This processing depends on many individual factors, among which are the developmental stage, lifestyle, physiological and mood state, and cognitive skills; this processing also presents striking similarities between species. The present review gathers the recent findings, as observed in animals, healthy subjects, and/or individuals with affective disorders, supporting the perception of complex odor stimuli as odor objects. It also discusses peripheral to central processing, and cognitive and behavioral significance. Finally, this review highlights that the study of odor mixtures is an original window allowing for the investigation of daily olfaction and emphasizes the need for knowledge about the underlying biological processes, which appear to be crucial for our representation and adaptation to the chemical environment.

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Resistance to Interference of Olfactory Perceptual Learning

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Olfactory discrimination predicts cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults

Olfactory discrimination predicts cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults

Salt-Induced Thirst Results in Increased Finickiness in Humans

The perception of odor objects in everyday life: a review on the processing of odor mixtures

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