Resistance to extinction as a function of percentage of reinforcement, number of training trials, and conditioned reinforcement.

Effectiveness of learned reinforcement as a function of primary reward percentage and number of primary pairings.

“…The obtained positive relation between number of s N -s R pairings and s r effectiveness confirms the results of other rat studies (Bersh, 1951;Hall, 1951;Miles, 1956). The experiments which have reported no relation (Myers et al, 1961;Kass & Wilson, 1966) have used human subjects. The question of whether these divergent results are related to human verbal mediators may be answered by comparing the acquisition of s r in preverbal and verbal children.…”

“…While several investigators have explored the effect of another parameter, number of s N -s R pairings, on s r effectiveness, the results of these studies are not in agreement. The relation between number of pairings and s' strength has been found to be positive (Bersh, 1951;Hall, 1951;Miles, 1956) and zero (Kass & Wilson, 1966;Myers, Craig, & Myers, 1961).…”

The effects of schedules of training upon the development of a conditioned reinforcer

“…There was no evidence that pairing of a neutral stimulus with primary reinforcement under a continuous or intermittent schedule facilitated its development as a secondary reinforcer. Failure of the light stimulus to acquire conditioned reinforCing properties is consistent with other findings in operant situations with children (Myers, Craig, & Myers, 1961;Kass & Wilson, 1966).…”

Effects of Repetition Frequency on Operant Strength and Resurgence of Non-Criterial Features of Operants

“…The present experiments examined the relation between the number of times an operant was previously performed and its subsequent strength, by using different but roughly equivalent operants repeated different numbers of times. This topic has been addressed previously via studies that used operants defined by single switch closures (such as bar presses or key pecks) and that examined resistance to extinction (Dyal & Holland, 1963;Kass & Wilson, 1966;Lewis & Duncan, 1958;Perin, 1942;Senkowski, 1978;Tombaugh, 1967) or responding in the presence of free food, known as contrafreeloading (Bilbrey, Patterson & Winokur, 1973;Jensen, 1963;Jensen, Leung & Hess, 1970;Lentz & Cohen, 1980;Stolz & Lott, 1964). These studies produced conflicting results.…”