Resistance to experimental infection with Schistosoma mansoni in rhesus monkeys induced by the transfer of adult worms

Smithers, S. R.; Terry, R. J.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(67)90102-2

Cited by 147 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The immune system of southern bluefin tuna may be initially stimulated by secretory/excretory products that are released into the blood by adult worms. Secretory/excretory products appear to stimulate an effective host response against challenge infection by blood fluke in rhesus monkeys and hamsters [29]. In addition to the exposure to antigens released by adult fluke, immunity to the incoming larval stages may accumulate with exposure to larval challenge itself.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological evidence of an antibody response in farmed southern bluefin tuna naturally infected with the blood fluke Cardicola forsteri

Aiken

Hayward

Crosbie

et al. 2008

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological evidence of an antibody response in farmed southern bluefin tuna naturally infected with the blood fluke Cardicola forsteri

Aiken

Hayward

Crosbie

et al. 2008

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…Early work by Smithers and Terry indicated that the antilarval response was actively induced by live adult schistosomes. They surgically transplanted S. mansoni worms into uninfected rhesus monkeys (24) and reported that the recipients became resistant to challenge with infectious cercariae. These findings were replicated in ro- dents and other primates (5,27), leading Brown and Grenfell (3) to propose that the induction of antilarval responses by live adult worms was an evolutionary adaptation to prevent intraspecies competition by incoming infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive Cross-Reactivity in IgE Responses: an Explanation for the Slow Development of Human Immunity to Schistosomiasis?

et al. 2012

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People in regions of Schistosoma mansoni endemicity slowly acquire immunity, but why this takes years to develop is still not clear. It has been associated with increases in parasite-specific IgE, induced, some investigators propose, to antigens exposed during the death of adult worms. These antigens include members of the tegumental-allergen-like protein family (TAL1 to TAL13). Previously, in a group of S. mansoni-infected Ugandan males, we showed that IgE responses to three TALs expressed in worms (TAL1, -3, and -5) became more prevalent with age. Now, in a subcohort we examined associations of these responses with resistance to reinfection and use the data to propose a mechanism for the slow development of immunity. IgE was measured 9 weeks posttreatment and at reinfection at 2 years (n ‫؍‬ 144). An anti-TAL5 IgE (herein referred to as TAL5 IgE) response was associated with reduced reinfection even after adjusting for age using regression analysis (geometric mean odds ratio, 0.24; P ‫؍‬ 0.016). TAL5 IgE responders were a subset of TAL3 IgE responders, themselves a subset of TAL1 responders. TAL3 IgE and TAL5 IgE were highly cross-reactive, with TAL3 the immunizing antigen and TAL5 the cross-reactive antigen. Transcriptional and translational studies show that TAL3 is most abundant in adult worms and that TAL5 is most abundant in infectious larvae. We propose that in chronic schistosomiasis, older individuals have repeatedly experienced IgE antigens exposed when adult worms die (e.g., TAL3) and that this leads to increasing cross-reactivity with antigens of invading larvae (e.g., TAL5). Progressive accumulation of worm/larvae cross-reactivity could explain the age-dependent immunity observed in areas of endemicity.

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“…schistosomulum, as the main target of immunity. The adult population seems relatively unaffected by immune effector mechanisms, which led Smithers & Terry (92,93) to the concept, now clearly established, of concomitant immunity.…”

Section: To Schistosomesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effector and Regulatory Mechanisms in Immunity to Schistosomes: A Heuristic View

Capron¹,

Dessaint²

1985

Annu. Rev. Immunol.

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INTRODUCTIONParasitic diseases represent a significant burden for health and for socioeconomical development in many tropical countries. The immuno prophylaxy of these infections would be a major advance, and this certainly justifies the important investments made at national and international levels in the search for a vaccine against the major human parasites. It should be stressed, however, that despite remarkable and sometimes spectacular progress, this goal still remains far out of reach. Parasites are, in general, of very ancient lineage; schistosomes for instance evolved from blood flukes during the Permian era, which means that they have had something on the order of 250 million years to perfect survival tactics appropriate to their coexistence with their vertebrate host immune system. For evolutionary reasons, in comparison with other infectious agents, they represent by their structure and the complexity of their life cycle a highly elaborate model of host-parasite interplay. Not surprisingly therefore, when immunologists started to study the immune response to parasites, they discovered that the adaptation of the parasite to its host was the result of a complex, refined, and dynamic balance between host effector mechan isms and parasite escape strategy. At the same time, they were struck by the fact that some entirely novel mechanisms were involved in antiparasite immunity, almost allowing researchers to rewrite some chapters of immunology textbooks. 455 0732-0582/85/0410-0455$02.00' Annu. Rev. Immunol. 1985.3:455-476. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by University of Utah -Marriot Library on 11/29/14. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS 456 CAPRON & DESSAINTThe purpose of this review is to give an account of the immunology we have learned from parasites. The general message is that the understanding of these mechanisms appears indispensable for possible development of antiparasite vaccines and, more generally, provides new and fascinating insights into many areas of human pathology.Among the parasites used as models, schistosomes probably have been employed in the broadest experimental approach. They have illustrated the existence of novel effector and regulatory mechanisms among the im munological components of the specific response to metazoan parasites.An infection that affects 300 million people in the world, schistosomiasis is characterized by the presence of adult worms in the portal and mesenteric veins of humans and of various other mammalian species, as part of a complex migratory cycle initiated by cutaneous penetration of aquatic infective cercariae. These transform into schistosomula under the skin of appropriate hosts. It is generally agreed that pathological reactions to schistosome infection are related to the deposition of numerous parasite eggs in host tissues (106). STUDY MODELSAlthough clinical studies have made possible the investigation of several immune mechanisms operating in man (17, 78), most of the information is de...

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Resistance to experimental infection with Schistosoma mansoni in rhesus monkeys induced by the transfer of adult worms

Cited by 147 publications

References 10 publications

Serological evidence of an antibody response in farmed southern bluefin tuna naturally infected with the blood fluke Cardicola forsteri

Serological evidence of an antibody response in farmed southern bluefin tuna naturally infected with the blood fluke Cardicola forsteri

Progressive Cross-Reactivity in IgE Responses: an Explanation for the Slow Development of Human Immunity to Schistosomiasis?

Effector and Regulatory Mechanisms in Immunity to Schistosomes: A Heuristic View

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