Resistance to Bacterial Wilt (Xanthomonas graminis) Increases Yield and Persistency of Lolium multiflorum<sup>1</sup>

Schmidt, D.; Nüesch, B.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1980.tb02707.x

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The coefficient of correlation of 0.65 between greenhouse and field data for the group of diploid ecotype populations is comparable to that of 0.71 found by Schmidt and Nüesch (1980) for a set of Italian ryegrass cultivars. A good correlation of greenhouse and field data on Xanthomonas resistance of Italian ryegrass was also found by Studer et al (2006), based on field observations of a mapping population in an individual plant nursery.…”

Section: Disease Resistance Needs Improvementsupporting

confidence: 62%

Ecotypes of Italian ryegrass from Swiss permanent grassland outperform current recommended cultivars

et al. 2009

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Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. ssp. italicum Volkart ex Schinz et Keller) thrives well in permanent grassland in mild and moist regions of Switzerland. Ecotypes of Italian ryegrass from Swiss permanent meadows have often been used successfully as the base material of breeding programmes. However, their agronomic performance per se has never been studied in detail. Therefore, field trials were conducted to assess the potential of this semi-natural genetic resource for use in breeding. Twenty ecotype populations were collected in different geographical regions in 2003 and seed was increased. Plot trials with 20 ecotype populations were conducted 2005-2007 at three locations, supplemented by row trials at two additional locations, and including four currently recommended cultivars as controls. Average performance in terms of yield, vigour and resistance to snow mould of ecotypes was superior to the cultivars. Depending on the characteristic, between three and 16 of the 20 ecotypes performed significantly better than the cultivars mean. However, resistance against crown rust of all ecotypes was significantly poorer than that of the cultivars. Correlation and regression analysis showed that more eastern and more northern collecting sites harboured better performing ecotypes. However, the most consistent site related factor favouring performance of the ecotypes in terms of yield, vigour, snow mould and Xanthomonas resistance was a low abundance of species which are typical of Arrhenatheretum type meadows. Data from the plot trials were related to results obtained with spaced plants at a single site, either in a seedling nursery or in the greenhouse. Resistance against crown rust was extremely well predicted by spaced plant observations. Xanthomonas resistance observed after artificial inoculation in the greenhouse was also significantly, but less closely correlated with field observations. An early date of ear emergence as observed on spaced plants was associated with high annual yield in the plot trials. It is concluded that in intensively managed habitats, natural selection has resulted in ecotype populations of Italian ryegrass which are highly promising for use in breeding. Individual plant selection for resistance can be expected to efficiently reduce their high susceptibility to crown rust.

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Section: Disease Resistance Needs Improvementsupporting

confidence: 62%

Ecotypes of Italian ryegrass from Swiss permanent grassland outperform current recommended cultivars

et al. 2009

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“…Bacterial wilt characteristically results in curling, wilting, and stunting of leaves. This may have contributed to the high proportion of stem in Concord; however, Schmidt & Nuesch (1980) have noted that this disease may reduce the amount of heading. Corvette also had large amounts of stem in autumn.…”

Section: Total Herbage Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This disease can result in yield losses of up to 40% (Schmidt & Nuesch 1980) and 78% (De Cleene et al 1981) and has rapidly killed new hybrid cultivars in United Kingdom experiments (Smith et al 1988). The high incidence of bacterial wilt was confined to Concord early in the experiment, suggesting that this pathogen was seedborne.…”

Section: Bacterial Wiltmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of seven Italian and hybrid ryegrasses under sheep grazing in Southland, New Zealand

Hickey

Hume

1994

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Three Italian and four hybrid ryegrass cultivars (Lolium multiflorum and L. boucheanum Syn. L. hybridum) sown with the white clover cultivar Grasslands Huia (Trifolium repens), were evaluated under frequent/hard grazing or infrequent/ lax grazing. Dry matter (DM) yields and species composition were assessed for 5½ years. Ryegrass tiller and white clover growing point population densities were determined annually, and leafrstem ratios every spring and autumn. Ryegrass tillers were assessed for infection with an Acremoniumlike endophytic fungus and bacterial wilt disease (Xanthomonas campestris pv. graminis). The Italian ryegrass cultivars Moata and Concord had total yields 33% greater than the mean of the other cultivars (1800 kg DM/ha) over the first autumn and winter. The Italian cultivars persisted well for 3 years, except Concord which had a high incidence (34%) of bacterial wilt. Of the hybrid ryegrasses, cultivar Corvette had high ryegrass yields in the first year (9800 kg DM/ha), similar to those of the Italian cultivars, and continued to be high-yielding and persistent throughout the experiment. However, its degree of aftermath heading was high and probably reduced ryegrass herbage quality in summer and autumn. An inverse relationship between ryegrass yield and white clover yield resulted in few significant differences in total yields between cultivars. Infrequent/lax grazing maximised total annual yields (+5%) but decreased white A94044 Received 21 April 1994; accepted 4 August 1994clover yields (-13%). With the importance placed on achieving high white clover growth in the cool temperate environment of Southland, choice of ryegrass cultivar should consider factors such as pasture quality (primarily percentage composition of white clover), tolerance of the cultivar to a range of grazing managements, and seasonal herbage production. The presence or absence of endophyte was not considered a major factor influencing the long-term persistence or productivity of the cultivars evaluated at this site.

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“…Bacterial wilt caused by Xanthomonas translucens pathovars is estimated to account for annual forage yield losses of up to 20 % in swards (Schmidt and Nuesch 1980), but yield losses of up to 80 % have been reported from experiments involving artificial leaf inoculation (Wang and Sletten 1995). Of the different pathovars infecting forage grasses, X. t. pv.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding for Resistance to Bacterial Wilt in Ryegrass: Insights into the Genetic Control of Plant Resistance and Pathogen Virulence

Wichmann

Widmer

Vorhölter

et al. 2012

Breeding Strategies for Sustainable Forage and Turf Grass Improvement

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Bacterial wilt caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. graminis (Xtg) is a severe disease of forage grasses leading to drastic losses in pure and mixed stands. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) is particularly susceptible to bacterial wilt and breeding for resistance is the only practicable means of disease control. A detailed understanding of the genetic control of this complex host-pathogen interaction is indispensible for the further development of L. multiflorum cultivars with increased resistance to bacterial wilt and to refine and optimise breeding procedures. While several recent studies have revealed novel insights on plant resistance, little is known about the processes involved in host-colonization and disease development. Therefore, factors influencing pathogen virulence were investigated in Xtg using conserved primer approaches and whole genome sequencing. Knock-out mutation of components of the type three secretion system (T3SS), a major virulence factor in many Xanthomonas spp., showed that the T3SS is important for Xtg virulence but not for in planta multiplication. Analysis of the draft genome sequences revealed a substantial number of effectors apparently characteristic for Xtg. In conlusion, our investigations on the Xtg x L. multiflorum interactions provide fundamental insights for the development of innovative resistance breeding approaches. IntroductionBacterial wilt caused by Xanthomonas translucens pathovars is estimated to account for annual forage yield losses of up to 20 % in swards (Schmidt and Nuesch 1980), but yield losses of up to 80 % have been reported from experiments involving artificial leaf inoculation (Wang and Sletten 1995

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Resistance to Bacterial Wilt (Xanthomonas graminis) Increases Yield and Persistency of Lolium multiflorum¹

Cited by 22 publications

References 1 publication

Ecotypes of Italian ryegrass from Swiss permanent grassland outperform current recommended cultivars

Ecotypes of Italian ryegrass from Swiss permanent grassland outperform current recommended cultivars

Evaluation of seven Italian and hybrid ryegrasses under sheep grazing in Southland, New Zealand

Breeding for Resistance to Bacterial Wilt in Ryegrass: Insights into the Genetic Control of Plant Resistance and Pathogen Virulence

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Resistance to Bacterial Wilt (Xanthomonas graminis) Increases Yield and Persistency of Lolium multiflorum1

Cited by 22 publications

References 1 publication

Ecotypes of Italian ryegrass from Swiss permanent grassland outperform current recommended cultivars

Ecotypes of Italian ryegrass from Swiss permanent grassland outperform current recommended cultivars

Evaluation of seven Italian and hybrid ryegrasses under sheep grazing in Southland, New Zealand

Breeding for Resistance to Bacterial Wilt in Ryegrass: Insights into the Genetic Control of Plant Resistance and Pathogen Virulence

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Resistance to Bacterial Wilt (Xanthomonas graminis) Increases Yield and Persistency of Lolium multiflorum¹