Resistance-related metabolites in wheat against <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> and the virulence factor deoxynivalenol (DON)

Paranidharan, V.; Abu-Nada, Y.; Hamzehzarghani, Habiballah; Kushalappa, Ajjamada C.; Mamer, Orval; Dion, Yves; Rioux, S.; Comeau, A.; Choinière, Luc

doi:10.1139/b08-052

Cited by 55 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Of these 50 metabolites were tentatively assigned names. The RR metabolites identified here included not only phenolics and fatty acids, as reported earlier based on GC/MS analyses (Hamzehzarghani et al 2008a, b;Paranidharan et al 2008), but also flavonoids and terpenoids, similar to those reported by Bollina et al (2010). A signal molecule, jasmonic acid (JA) identified here as PRr metabolite, is known to play an important role in plant resistance against stress (Farmer 2007;Balbi and Devoto 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…In addition, p-coumaric acid was detected as a PRr metabolite. Several phenylpropanoids identified here as RR metabolites were also reported in barley (Bollina et al 2010) and wheat against G. zeae (Hamzehzarghani et al 2008a;Paranidharan et al 2008;Siranidou et al 2002), further confirming the occurrence of common RR metabolites against FHB across genera and genotypes. p-Coumaric acid showed 50% mycelial inhibition of G. zeae in vitro at 2.6 mM concentration (Table 3) and was also inhibitory to both F. graminearum and F. culmorum in vitro (McKeehen et al 1999;Bollina et al 2010).…”

Section: Metabolic Pathways and Roles Of Rr Metabolitessupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Metabolomics has been used to phenotype resistance in wheat against Gibberella zeae and several pathogenesis related (Hamzehzarghani et al 2005) and resistance related metabolites have been identified in different genotypes (Hamzehzarghani et al 2008a;Paranidharan et al 2008). The pathogenicity related (PR) metabolites are those that are over expressed following pathogen inoculation, while the resistance related (RR) metabolites are those that have higher concentration in a resistant genotype compared to a susceptible genotype.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolomics technology to phenotype resistance in barley against Gibberella zeae

et al. 2011

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The mechanisms of resistance in barley to fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae are complex. Metabolomics technology was explored to phenotype resistance. Spikelets of barley genotypes with contrasting levels of resistance to FHB, mock inoculated or with the pathogen, were extracted with aqueous methanol and the metabolites were analyzed using liquid chromatography and hybrid mass spectrometry. Peaks were de-convoluted using XCMS and annotated using CAMERA and IntelliXtract bioinformatics tools. A t-test, of a total of 1608 purified peaks, selected 626 metabolites with significant treatment effects, of which 161 were identified as resistance related (RR) metabolites. A total of 53 metabolites, that are RR or pathogenicity related (PR), were assigned with putative compound names. These mainly belonged to three metabolic pathways: fatty acid (jasmonic acid, methyl jasmonate, 9,10-dihydroisojasmonate, linolenic acid, linoleic acid, traumatic acid), phenylpropanoid (p-coumaric acid, caffeyl alcohol, dimethoxy-4-phenylcoumarin, rosmarinic acid, diphyllin, 5-methoxypodophyllotoxin) and flavonoid (naringenin, catechin, quercetin, and alpinumisoflavone). A few PR/RR metabolites significantly reduced mycelial growth of G. zeae in vitro.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Metabolic Pathways and Roles Of Rr Metabolitessupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolomics technology to phenotype resistance in barley against Gibberella zeae

et al. 2011

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“…It is possible that fumaric acid was acting directly on the nematode because Djian et al (1994) reported the in vitro nematicidal activity of this substance against M. arenaria. It is also worth noting that fumaric acid participates in the resistance of other plants to pathogens; Paranidharan et al (2008) reported an increase in fumaric acid production by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants resistant to the fungus Fusarium graminearum Schwabe. A similar behaviour was observed for the concentrations of formic acid, which is also active against M. arenaria (Djian et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic profiling in the roots of coffee plants exposed to the coffee root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne exigua

et al. 2012

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To understand the effect of nematode Meloidogyne exigua infestation on coffee plants, resistant and susceptible coffee seedlings were inoculated with second-stage juveniles of M. exigua, and root metabolites were studied for four time intervals at 0, 24, 48 and 96 h. During this important period for parasite establishment, the concentrations of phenols, carbohydrates, amino acids and alkaloids in the roots were measured, and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the root extracts were used to identify and quantify other metabolites. One of the most striking changes was the concentration of fumaric acid on resistant plants, which varied from 59 μg g(of root) −1 to 138 μg g(of root) −1 during the first 24 h of the nematode inoculation. The same level of variation was observed much later (96 h) in susceptible plants. Similarly, formic and quinic acid concentrations increased more rapidly in the resistant plants compared to the susceptibles. Sucrose concentrations increased to 370 % in the first 48 h in the resistant plants but showed no significant variation in the susceptible plant. Besides, the concentration of alkaloids was much higher at 24 and 48 h in the susceptibles compared to the resistant plants. These results suggest that the higher production of sucrose as well as formic, fumaric and quinic acids, and the lower production of alkaloids by the resistant cultivar in the first 48 h after the nematode inoculation are associated with the resistance of coffee plants to M. exigua.

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“…Similar, asparagine (fusatin production inducer) levels were increased in DON treated wheat plants (Nussbaumer et al, 2015), but increased asparagine levels could also be detected in resistant wheat cultivars in comparison to susceptible cultivars constitutively but also induced by F. graminearum infection (Paranidharan et al, 2008). Hence, the concentrations of different nitrogen sources changes in infected plants, probably both due to defence responses of the plants as well as due to host manipulation by the fungus.…”

Section: Cellular Developmental Changes and Subcellular Reorganizatiomentioning

confidence: 76%

Regulation and cell biology of secondary metabolite production in Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium pseudograminearum

Blum¹

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1 AbstractAscomycete fungi have the potential to produce a vast array of secondary metabolites, which are metabolites not required for normal growth and development. In any one species there is typically the potential for production of upward of fifty of these compounds. Many fungal secondary metabolites are used as medicines (e.g. penicillin or cyclosporine), or are of importance due to their toxicity in humans or animals (e.g. aflatoxins), or because they are virulence factors during crop plant infection (e.g. deoxynivalenol). Despite the vast potential encoded in ascomycete genomes, the vast majority of fungal secondary metabolites are yet to be discovered. This is in part due to our lack of understanding of how the production of these compounds is regulated. Moreover, even for the compounds we do know, we are just beginning to understand the complex interaction of external stimuli, signalling pathways, cellular and developmental biology that leads to their production. In this thesis, biological insights into these aspects of two fungal secondary metabolites, deoxynivalenol (DON) and fusatin are provided.In chapter II a high-throughput fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) based mutant screen was developed and the regulation of DON production in Fusarium graminearum was analysed. DON is an economically very important mycotoxin, as it is the most common contaminant of wheat, barley and corn worldwide. It is produced by plant pathogenic filamentous fungi of the Fusarium family, which can cause Fusarium head blight as well as Fusarium crown rot. During plant infection, DON is an important virulence factor and it can be toxic for humans and animals. The regulation of DON production is not yet fully understood. To identify regulators, a mutant screen was developed using FACS to allow high throughput screening, coupled with whole genome sequencing to identify mutations.Segregation analyses were performed to determine the mutation causing the phenotype.The mutant screen identified an adenylyl cyclase allele, which resulted in production of DON under normally repressive conditions. In addition, the mutant developed cellular structures associated with toxin production under repressive conditions. The levels of the fundamental second messenger cAMP, which adenylyl cyclases produce, were increased in the identified mutant, suggesting it might be a gain-of-function adenylyl cyclase mutant. This mutant screening methodology can be adapted to identify regulators of different secondary metabolites as well as to identify mutants overproducing yet unknown secondary metabolites. Abstract 2In chapter III the cell biology of DON production in Fusarium graminearum was elucidated with quantitative super resolution microscopy. During the last five years the first insights into the cell biology of DON production were gained, indicating complex cell biological mechanisms. During toxin production, F. graminearum develops endoplasmic reticulum proliferations, called toxisomes, at which two DON biosynthesis enzymes, TRI1 a...

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Resistance-related metabolites in wheat against Fusarium graminearum and the virulence factor deoxynivalenol (DON)

Cited by 55 publications

References 51 publications

Metabolomics technology to phenotype resistance in barley against Gibberella zeae

Metabolomics technology to phenotype resistance in barley against Gibberella zeae

Metabolic profiling in the roots of coffee plants exposed to the coffee root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne exigua

Regulation and cell biology of secondary metabolite production in Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium pseudograminearum

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