Resistance Plasmids of
            <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa:</i>
            Change from Conjugative to Nonconjugative in a Hospital Population

The 2'' aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase, AAD (2''), which adenylates gentamicin, tobramycin, and kanamycin, became prevalent over several months in multiple strains and species of Enterobacteriaceae isolated at one hospital. Eight plasmids with the gene for this enzyme purified from different strains and species isolated at different times had similar EcoRI digestion fragments, indicating that the gene had disseminated on one plasmid without transposition. This 56.5-megadalton plasmid of incompatibility group M, which also carried three other resistance genes, spread, at first, largely in one strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae, which later disappeared. It transferred to some strains which tended not to colonize other patients and later circulated predominantly in Serratia marcescens. Computer surveillance of routine hospital laboratory results was able to detect and trace the gene and the plasmid and measure their effect on resistance prevalence.

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“…4. The fragments of each of the plasmids of transconjugants 2 through 7 of each appear to form 13 (12,17).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissemination of an antibiotic resistance plasmid in hospital patient flora

O’Brien¹,

Ross²,

Guzmán³

et al. 1980

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

102

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“…Resistance transfer studies showed that antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas from this hospital continues to be due to nonconjugative plasmids (11). Studies on a more limited number of other'gram-negative bacilli showed the presence of conjugative plasmids.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four facultative organisms tested included two Enterobacter cloacae and two Serratia marcescens, all with antibiogram Tcr, Gr, Tr, Cbr. Each strain was tested for single transfer of its Smr, Tcr, Gr, and T' markers in parallel platings using P. aeruginosa PL1 (11) For other gram-negative bacilli, the monthly rate of isolation of Gr and T organisms varied from 1.7 to 9.8% and from 1.7 to 8.1%, respectively (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surveillance of Gentamicin-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli in a General Hospital

Kauffman

Ramundo

Williams

et al. 1978

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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gentamicin and tobramycin resistance by standardized disk testing. For Pseudomonas isolates, gentamicin resistance was 17.1% and tobramycin resistance was 2.8%. For other gram-negative bacilli, gentamicin resistance was 5.5% and tobramycin resistance was 5.4%. Seventy-four patients from whom gentamicin-resistant organisms were isolated from 1 January to 30 June 1976 were studied prospectively. These patients were elderly, had serious underlying diseases, and had received prior antibiotic therapy. Eleven patients carried gentamicin-resistant organisms at the time of transfer to our hospital from community hospitals or nursing homes. Of the 82 isolates from these 74 patients, 52 were from the urine. Pseudomonas was found most frequently (32 isolates), followed by Klebsiella (15 isolates), Enterobacter (10 isolates), Serratia (10 isolates), and Proteus (9 isolates). Only 3 of 32 Pseudomonas isolates caused symptomatic infection, while 16 of 50 other gram-negative bacilli were responsible for symptomatic infection. Although amikacin was the most active drug against gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli and had not been used in our hospital at the time of this study, 25% of Pseudomonas and 18% of all gram-negative bacilli showed resistance to this aminoglycoside.

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“…Gentamicin has been useful in treating such infections, but several outbreaks of plasmid-mediated gentamicin resistance (Gm) in Klebsiella, Serratia, and Pseudomonas strains (16,19,22,28,33,36) point to its lessened usefulness. Resistance to gentamicin and other clinically useful antibiotics, including ampicillin and carbenicillin, has also been widely disseminated through transposons (14,25,28,30).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of determinants encoding carbenicillin, gentamicin, and tobramycin resistance in nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Mucha¹,

Farrand²

1986

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Plasmid pFMH1010, an 89-megadalton R plasmid, is endemic among members of the family Enterobacteriaceae at Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Ill. It encodes resistance to nine antibiotics, including resistance to carbenicillin (Cb), gentamicin (Gm), and tobramycin (Tm). Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to carbenicillin, gentamicin, and tobramycin were isolated from five patients at Hines Veterans Administration Hospital from whom Serratia marcescens strains harboring pFMH1010 were also obtained. The P. aeruginosa strains were investigated to determine whether their Cb, Gm, and Tm characteristics derived from pFMH1010. One of the isolates, Ps559, was shown by Southern hybridization to contain approximately 76% of pFMH1010. Several lines of evidence suggested that the pFMH1010 sequences in Ps559 are integrated in the chromosome. Southern hybridization also demonstrated that the beta-lactam resistance of pFMH1010 is most probably due to the presence of sequences homologous with Tn3 and that these sequences are retained in Ps559. In two other Pseudomonas isolates, resistance to carbenicillin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and kanamycin was encoded by R plasmids unrelated to pFMH1010. In the last two isolates, resistance to gentamicin and tobramycin and several other antibiotics appeared to be chromosomally encoded, and it was rescuable from one of these strains by RP4-mediated mobilization.

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Resistance Plasmids of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Change from Conjugative to Nonconjugative in a Hospital Population

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Dissemination of an antibiotic resistance plasmid in hospital patient flora

Dissemination of an antibiotic resistance plasmid in hospital patient flora

Surveillance of Gentamicin-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli in a General Hospital

Diversity of determinants encoding carbenicillin, gentamicin, and tobramycin resistance in nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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