Resistance of Vibrio cholera to antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Objective: Cholera is a challenging ancient disease caused by Vibrio cholera (V. cholera). Antibiotics that prevent cell wall synthesis are among the first known antibiotic groups. Due to its high consumption, V. cholera has developed resistance to the majority of antibiotics in this class. Resistance to recommended antibiotics for the treatment of V. cholera has also increased. In light of the decrease in consumption of certain antibiotics in this group that inhibit cell wall synthesis and the implementation of new antibiotics, it is necessary to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of V. cholera and to employ the most effective treatment antibiotic.Method: An comprehensive systematic search for relevant articles was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE through October 2020. Stata version 17.1 utilized the Metaprop package to execute a Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation in order to estimate weighted pooled proportions.Results: A total of 131 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Ampicillin was the most investigated antibiotic. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance was in order aztreonam (0%), cefepime (0%), imipenem (0%), meropenem (3%), fosfomycin (4%), ceftazidime (5%), cephalothin (7%), augmentin (8%), cefalexin (8%), ceftriaxone (9%), cefuroxime (9%), cefotaxime (15%), cefixime (37%), amoxicillin (42%), penicillin (44%), ampicillin (48%), cefoxitin (50%), cefamandole (56%), polymyxin-B (77%), carbenicillin (95%) respectively.Discussion: Aztreonam, cefepime, and imipenem are the most efficient V. cholera cell wall synthesis inhibitors. There has been an increase in resistance to antibiotics such as cephalothin, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin, and meropenem. Over the years, resistance to penicillin, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime, has decreased.

Vibrio cholerae O1 and Escherichia coli O157:H7 from drinking water and wastewater in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…Resistance to the Cephalosporins, Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline and the Carbapenem (Meropenem) was much higher than that reported in other studies [ 28 – 30 , 41 ].the V. cholera O1 strains in this study were, however, less resistant (69%) to Trimethprim Sulphamethoxazole than those of Garbern et al [ 28 ] and Awuor et al [ 42 ] which showed ≥ 99% resistance to the drug. Previous isolates of V. cholera O1 from Addis Ababa were sensitive to Tetracycline and Trimethprim/Sulphamethoxazole [ 18 ], whereas between 64% and 69% of the isolates in this study, respectively, were resistant to the two drugs.…”

Cholera: A Latent Threat to Human Health

“…The mechanisms of antibiotic resistance development include the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in both human medicine and the animal industry, efflux pumps, genetic mutations, and horizontal gene transfer (52). A recent meta-analysis showed that previously utilized bacterial cell wall inhibitors, such as aztreonam, cefepime, and imipenem, remain efficient with almost non-existent resistance (53). Other available antibiotic options that could work against cholera include tetracyclines, doxycycline, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides.…”

Evaluation of Antibiogram Profile of Vibrio cholerae Isolates from Sea Foods and Water Samples from Cross River State, Nigeria

“…Resistance to amoxicillin, ceftriaxone and more have also been reported [4,5]. This multi drug resistance has resulted in the spread of resistant V. cholerae strains that are claiming thousands of lives in Nigeria (about 3,604 deaths in 2021) [6], with Kaduna State alone recording approximately 1,665 cholera cases between April to August, 2021 [7].…”

“…There are many documented evidences from several parts of the world attesting to this fact. The pointers are tilting towards the selective pressure from antibiotics in the environment (from Farmlands, pesticides, insecticides, animal feeds etc) and from excessive use and misuse of antibiotics [3,11,12,5,13].…”