Resistance of tomato varieties to the tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Massee) (Acarina: Eriophyidae)

Kamau, Alice; Mueke, J. M.; Khaemba, B. M.

doi:10.1017/s1742758400013618

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, Grande and H2274 had lower mite population densities. These findings are consistent with other studies that reported differences among tomato cultivars/accessions or wild tomato species infested with A. lycopersici (Kamau et al, 1992;Leite et al, 2000;Kitamura and Kawai 2006;Wang et al, 2008). Under natural conditions, the A. lycopersici density reached its highest yearly population from mid-August to mid-September, when the mean temperature and relative humidity were 25.6°C and 60.9%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Tritrophic relationships among tomato cultivars, the rust mite, Aculops lycopersici (Massee) (Eriophyidae), and its predators

Aysan

Kumral

2018

Acarologia

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Trichome-mediated defence in wild and cultivated tomato cultivars has been extensively studied against some mite species for several decades. Previous studies have shown that this mechanism negatively affects phytophagous mites and their predators. To better explain the tritrophic relationship of tomatoes, the interactions between population densities of the tomato rust mite, Aculops lycopersici (Massee) (Acari: Eriophyidae), and its predators on the tomato cultivars, namely, Dora, Etna, Grande, H2274, Jana and M1103, and the trichome densities of these cultivars were investigated in both a climatic room and an organic tomato field from 2014-2015. Under both controlled and field conditions, the A. lycopersici population density was significantly higher in the stake tomato cultivars, Jana and Etna, than in other tomato cultivars. When the tomato rust mite’s population density was the highest during mid-August and mid-September in the tomato field, the population density of the predator species, Tydeus kochi Oudemans (Tydeidae), showed a similar population pattern and significant positive correlation with the A. lycopersici density. However, density of this predator mite was significantly lower than that of A. lycopersici over the entire season. Remarkably, the glandular trichome type VI density was significantly higher in the stake cultivars than other cultivars. In contrast, significantly fewer glandular trichomes were found in the indeterminate tomato cultivars, Grande and H2274, which had fewer tomato rust mites and larger tydeid mite predator densities. These results support the hypothesis that trichomes provide excellent shelter for tomato rust mites and are obstacles for its predator mites. However, the population density of the insect predator, Macrolophus sp., was not affected by the trichome density or tomato cultivar, but its population density was not significantly correlated with that of the A. lycopersici population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Tritrophic relationships among tomato cultivars, the rust mite, Aculops lycopersici (Massee) (Eriophyidae), and its predators

Aysan

Kumral

2018

Acarologia

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“…(Rust) mites, thrips and other sucking insects [107][108][109], mechanical damage by wind, hail, contact with branches [110,111] Zineb against citrus mites [108,109,112] Prune On immature fruit: longitudinal stripes at stylar end [113], mature: rough, brown, dried surface [113] Copper spray [113], mechanical damage by wind, abrasion by leaves, shoots, adjacent fruits [113,114], exposure to surface wetness or free water, high humidity [113,114], scab [115] Captafol, ziram for scab control [113] Loquat Deep brown stripes, approx. 1 mm wide [116,117] Growth stress [116,117], microclimate (high temperature) [116], very high light intensities [116] Shading using nets to decrease growth rate during cell division phase [116,118] Tomato Russet as rough corky discolored surface [119], also referred to as 'shoulder check' [119] or 'cuticle cracking' [120] Rust mites [71,121], growth stress [120,122,123], surface moisture [119] Non-susceptible cultivars [123], moderate thinning [123], spray application of Ca+B [119,124] Melon Rind netting common in some cultivars [14], russet as dry, white to brownish ridges [14] Growth stress …”

Section: Applementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pests and diseases may cause russeting in several fruitcrops. Examples of such pests include the citrus rust mite [107][108][109] and the tomato rust mite [71,121]. Similarly, fungi, such as powdery mildew in apple or epiphytic yeast species in apple and pear, have been reported to be causal in russeting (Table 1).…”

Section: Factors In Russet Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Russeting of Fruits: Etiology and Management

2022

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The skin of a fruit protects the vulnerable, nutrient-rich flesh and seed(s) within from the hostile environment. It is also responsible for the fruit’s appearance. In many fruitcrop species, russeting compromises fruit appearance and thus commercial value. Here, we review the literature on fruit russeting, focusing on the factors and mechanisms that induce it and on the management and breeding strategies that may reduce it. Compared with a primary fruit skin, which is usually distinctively colored and shiny, a secondary fruit skin is reddish-brown, dull and slightly rough to the touch (i.e., russeted). This secondary skin (periderm) comprises phellem cells with suberized cell walls, a phellogen and a phelloderm. Russeted (secondary) fruit skins have similar mechanical properties to non-russeted (primary) ones but are more plastic. However, russeted fruit skins are more permeable to water vapor, so russeted fruits suffer higher postharvest water loss, reduced shine, increased shrivel and reduced packed weight (most fruit is sold per kg). Orchard factors that induce russeting include expansion-growth-induced strain, surface wetness, mechanical damage, freezing temperatures, some pests and diseases and some agrochemicals. All these probably act via an increased incidence of cuticular microcracking as a result of local concentrations of mechanical stress. Microcracking impairs the cuticle’s barrier properties. Potential triggers of russeting (the development of a periderm), consequent on cuticular microcracking, include locally high concentrations of O2, lower concentrations of CO2 and more negative water potentials. Horticulturists sometimes spray gibberellins, cytokinins or boron to reduce russeting. Bagging fruit (to exclude surface moisture) is also reportedly effective. From a breeding perspective, genotypes having small and more uniform-sized epidermal cells are judged less likely to be susceptible to russeting.

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“…potato, eggplant and petunia. Significant differences in susceptibility to A. lycopersici were found between tomato varieties 10 and highly resistant allied species of the same genus as tomato were found (Kitamura & Kawai, unpublished). Breeding of resistant varieties is expected.…”

Section: Damage To Tomato Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Dynamics of Tomato Russet Mite, Aculops lycopersici (Massee) and Its Natural Enemy, Homeopronematus anconai (Baker)

Kawai

Haque

2004

JARQ

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Developmental rates of Aculops lycopersici increased linearly as rearing temperature increased. A total of 81.2 degree-days above a developmental zero of 10.5°C were required to complete development from egg to adult emergence. Adult longevity decreased with increasing temperature. The highest intrinsic rate of natural increase was observed at 25°C as 0.253 per day. The population increased exponentially on greenhouse tomato plants and the intrinsic rate of natural increase was estimated to be 0.175 per day. A. lycopersici first reproduced on the released leaves then moved upward. The infestation caused great injury to the plants, with a large number of leaves turning brown and then drying up. The number of leaves, the plant height and the diameter of the main stem of the plants all decreased. Homeopronematus anconai naturally occurred on tomato plants. After the rapid population increase of H. anconai, the A. lycopersici population decreased sharply. An adult H. anconai consumed an average of 69.3 A. lycopersici deutonymphs per day in the laboratory. H. anconai was thought to be a prospective natural enemy of A. lycopersici.

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Resistance of tomato varieties to the tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Massee) (Acarina: Eriophyidae)

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Tritrophic relationships among tomato cultivars, the rust mite, Aculops lycopersici (Massee) (Eriophyidae), and its predators

Tritrophic relationships among tomato cultivars, the rust mite, Aculops lycopersici (Massee) (Eriophyidae), and its predators

Russeting of Fruits: Etiology and Management

Population Dynamics of Tomato Russet Mite, Aculops lycopersici (Massee) and Its Natural Enemy, Homeopronematus anconai (Baker)

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