Resistance of Tomato Plants Grafted on Solanum Rootstocks to Bacterial Wilt and Root-knot Nematode.

Matsuzoe, Naotaka; Okubo, Hiroshi; Fuiieda, Kunimitsu

doi:10.2503/jjshs.61.865

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…In the present experiment, however, the Brix was not affected by rootstock species, unlikely the previous experiment, in which sugar contents are significantly increased by S. integrifolium rootstock (Oda et al, 1996). Matsuzoe et al (1993bMatsuzoe et al ( , 1996 reported that Solanum rootstocks did not affect Brix in tomato fruits. Since the present experiment was conducted under enough soil moisture, less than pF 2.5, inducing many cracking fruits and the less number of blossom-end rot fruits, water stress might not be enough to appear the effect of rootstock species on Brix of fruit.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Effects of Transplant Container and Solanam Rootstocks on the Incidences of Overgrowth and Unmarketable Fruits in Tomato Plants Planted with Plug Seedlings.

Oda

Okada

Sasaki

2000

ecb

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The incidences of overgrowth and unmarketable fruits were compared between tomato autografts planted with 50 mL plug and those with 800 mL pot (control), and the regulation of such incidences were tried with Solanum rootstocks. Planting with plug promoted the early growth of tomato plants and the growth was regulated by Solanum rootstocks. S. melongena rootstock suppressed the overgrowth and kept vigor similarly to that of the control autograft, whereas S. integrifolium and S. torvum rootstocks decreased the growth more than S. melongena. Thickening and aerial rooting at scion base, phenomena of graft incompatibility, were observed in the heterograft on S. torvum. Marketable fruit weight was lower in planting with plug than that with pot in tomato autografts, but unmarketable fruit weight, especially cracking fruits, markedly increased by planting with plug. Among grafts on various rootstock species, marketable fruit weight was the largest in S. melongena rootstock and the smallest in S. torvum rootstock. The marketable fruit weight of the heterograft on S. melongena planted with plug was similar to that of control plants. Planting of the tomato plugs decreases marketable fruit yield through cracking of the fruits. However, such deteriolation is ameliorated by S. melongena rootstock.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Effects of Transplant Container and Solanam Rootstocks on the Incidences of Overgrowth and Unmarketable Fruits in Tomato Plants Planted with Plug Seedlings.

Oda

Okada

Sasaki

2000

ecb

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“…This inoculation experiment included the eggplant cultivar Senryo 2go, six eggplant rootstock cultivars, one tomato cultivar and two tomato rootstock cultivars ( Table 2). As eggplant and tomato are both members of the genus Solanum, it is possible to graft them together (Matsuzoe et al, 1993;Yoshida, 2004). These seeds were also purchased from a local supplier.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproduction of <i>Meloidogyne incognita </i>on eggplant rootstock cultivars and effect of eggplant rootstock cultivation on nematode population density

Uehara

Sakurai

Oonaka

et al. 2016

Japanese Journal of Nematology

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The southern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is an important pathogen of solanaceous plants worldwide. To assess resistance and suppressiveness to the nematode of the Japanese cultivars of eggplant rootstocks, we conducted greenhouse experiments. Numbers of nematode egg masses were significantly lower on Solanum tor vum rootstock cultivars, Tonashimu, Torero, and Torvum vigor, than the cultivars of the other Solanum species after 45 days of cultivation. Next, we examined the effect of Tonashimu on the population density of the nematode in soil. After 116 days of cultivation, the second-stage juvenile density of the nematode in soil was reduced, and was significantly lower in pots of Tonashimu, than in those of Solanum melongena cultivars. These results suggest that the Japanese rootstock cultivars of S. torvum are resistant to the nematode, and could suppress nematode density in soil. Nematol. Res. 46(2), 87-90 (2016).Key words: grafting, resistance, root-knot nematode, Solanum torvum INTRODUCTIONEggplant (Solanum melongena) is cultivated worldwide and is especially popular in Asian countries such as China and India. Eggplant was introduced into Japan during the Nara period (AD 710 to 794) and today is an important domestically produced vegetable (Saito, 2004). Many crops, including eggplant, are attacked by the southern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, resulting in yield losses. In eggplant, 20-29% of total yield is estimated to be lost because of Melodogyne spp. (M. incognita is dominant) in the tropics (Sasser, 1979) and the economic threshold level of eggplant is reported to be 5.4 M. incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) per 100 g soil (Netcher and Sikora, 1990). Recently, Watanabe et al. (2013) reported that soil densities of two J2 per 20 g soil or greater with the Baermann technique have been shown to significantly reduce eggplant yield (cultivar Senryo 2go) at 50 days after planting.Most plant nematode control methods rely on chemical agents. Although soil fumigants such as 1,3-dichloropropene are commonly used, the use of such chemicals is likely to be subject to increasing restriction owing to environmental and safety concerns. The exploitation of resistant cultivars is the most effective and environmentally benign method to reduce nematodeinduced crop loss. However, no eggplant cultivar resistant to M. incognita has been found.Eggplant cultivars grafted onto resistant rootstocks are used to prevent various diseases, including bacterial wilt (caused by Ralstonia solanacearum), and Fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum) (Yoshida, 2004). Solanum torvum has a poor germination rate and slow seedling development but is employed as rootstock for eggplant cultivation because of its vigor and resistance to serious soil-borne diseases as described above (Gousset et al., 2005;Miceli et al., 2014). Moreover, S. torvum has been found to exhibit resistance to M. incognita in several studies conducted in Japan and abroad (Ali et al., 1992; Daunay and Dalmasso, 1985; Dhivya et al., 2014;Ha...

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“…In previous reports on the resistance of S. toxicarium to bacterial wilt, despite browning of the vascular bundle by infection with R. solanacearum, no external disease symptoms appeared, and the plants were highly resistant to bacterial wilt (Mochizuki and Yamakawa 1979a, b;Ozaki and Kimura 1992;Matsuzoe et al 1993;Arai et al 1999). In those reports, R. solanacearum caused wilting and death of S. toxicarium after a prolonged incubation period.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This plant has a strong resistance to all fi ve bacterial groups that have been categorized on the basis of differences in their virulence on four Solanum species (Solanum melongena cv. Senryounigou, Solanum mammosum, Solanum integrifolium, and Solanum torvum) (Mochizuki and Yamakawa 1979a, b;Ozaki and Kimura 1992;Matsuzoe et al 1993;Arai et al 1999). Thus S. toxicarium can be expected to be a good rootstock for graft cultivation of tomato and eggplant, even though the resistance mechanism of S. toxicarium to bacterial wilt is not well understood.…”

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confidence: 97%

Behavior and mutation of Ralstonia solanacearum in Solanum toxicarium grown in aseptic culture

et al. 2007

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To study the behavior and mutation of Ralstonia solanacearum in Solanum toxicarium, which is resistant to bacterial wilt, S. toxicarium was grown in aseptic culture and inoculated with R. solanacearum. Although 60%-80% of the inoculated plants were wilting after 2 to 3 days, most wilted plants had recovered by 20 days after inoculation. The pathogen was reisolated from over 98% of inoculated plant stems, but the percentage of recovery decreased the closer the isolation sites were toward the upper stem sections. Three colony types, characterized as fl uidal white, nonfl uidal red, and a mixture of fl uidal white and nonfl uidal red, were reisolated from the stems. Nonfl uidal red colonies were less virulent on tomato plants than fl uidal white colonies.Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating disease in over 200 plant species including tomato, eggplant, potato, and other economically important crops in tropical, subtropical, and some warm-temperate regions (Hayward 1991). A soilborne gram-negative pathogen, R. solanacearum, generally invades the host plants through wounds in roots or sites where secondary roots emerge. It then colonizes the cortex, infects the vascular parenchyma, and invades the xylem vessels (Vasse et al. 1995). After penetration into the vessels, the pathogen rapidly spreads throughout the vascular system, resulting in irreversible wilting and death of the plants.To prevent this disease, soil disinfestation and crop rotation are used with the cultivation of resistant cultivars. Grafting onto resistant cultivars as the rootstock is also widely used as an effective means of disease prevention. Some wild species of Solanum plants were evaluated for resistance to bacterial wilt (Mochizuki and Yamakawa 1979a, b), including Solanum toxicarium Lam., indigenous to Latin America (Brazil or Guiana). This plant has a strong resistance to all fi ve bacterial groups that have been categorized on the basis of differences in their virulence on four Solanum species (Solanum melongena cv. Senryounigou, Solanum mammosum, Solanum integrifolium, and Solanum torvum) (Mochizuki and Yamakawa 1979a, b;Ozaki and Kimura 1992;Matsuzoe et al. 1993;Arai et al. 1999). Thus S. toxicarium can be expected to be a good rootstock for graft cultivation of tomato and eggplant, even though the resistance mechanism of S. toxicarium to bacterial wilt is not well understood.According to our previous research, the root and stem of S. toxicarium become latently infected after root pruning inoculation with R. solanacearum (Arai et al. 1999). Two colony types, the fl uidal white and the nonfl uidal red colonies, were reisolated from the stems of the plants inoculated with fl uidal white colonies of R. solanacearum. However, it was not clear whether the nonfl uidal red colonies were derived from the inoculated fl uidal white colonies, because S. toxicarium was grown in a glasshouse and in growth chambers that may have harbored several contaminating microbes. To determine whether R. solanacearum shifts from fl uidal ...

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Resistance of Tomato Plants Grafted on Solanum Rootstocks to Bacterial Wilt and Root-knot Nematode.

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of Transplant Container and Solanam Rootstocks on the Incidences of Overgrowth and Unmarketable Fruits in Tomato Plants Planted with Plug Seedlings.

Effects of Transplant Container and Solanam Rootstocks on the Incidences of Overgrowth and Unmarketable Fruits in Tomato Plants Planted with Plug Seedlings.

Reproduction of <i>Meloidogyne incognita </i>on eggplant rootstock cultivars and effect of eggplant rootstock cultivation on nematode population density

Behavior and mutation of Ralstonia solanacearum in Solanum toxicarium grown in aseptic culture

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