Resistance of Ticks to Chemicals

Wharton, R. H.; Roulston, W. J.

doi:10.1146/annurev.en.15.010170.002121

Cited by 122 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…The other is relatively insensitive and the difference between the systems lies in the nature of this component, which exhibits relatively greater insensitivity and contributes more to total activity in the former than it does in the latter system. Features similar to these have been described previously for the Ridgelands (Lee and Batham 1966) and Biarra enzymes Wharton and Roulston 1970). In Fig.…”

Section: Kinetics Of Inhibition Of Acetylcholinesterase Activity In Vsupporting

confidence: 84%

Characterization of the Organophosphoms-resistant Mt Alford, Gracemere and Silkwood Strains of the Cattle Tick, Boophilus microplus

Schnitzerling¹,

Schuntner²,

Roulston³

et al. 1974

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Dosage-mortality tests on larval ticks have indicated that the Mt Alford and Gracemere strains of B. micro pius differ from the Biarra and Ridgelands strains respectively, not only as previously reported by exhibiting markedly greater resistance to both chlorpyrifos and diazinon, but also by exhibiting moderately greater resistance in the Mt Alford strain to bromophos-ethyl and dioxathion and in the Gracemere strain to carbophenothion and coumaphos. Their responses to other chemicals were similar to those of the Biarra and Ridgelands strains respectively.Tests of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and kinetic studies of inhibition of AChE in Mt Alford and Gracemere larvae indicated the presence of enzymes with relatively insensitive components similar to those of Biarra and Ridgelands AChE respectively.The penetration of [I4C]chlorpyrifos was similar in Mt Alford, Gracemere, Biarra and Ridgelands larvae, but of the chlorpyrifos metabolized considerably less was recovered as the oxygen analogue in Mt Alford and Gracemere larvae. This difference appeared to be due to greater hydrolytic activity. It was concluded that the greater resistance of these strains is due to enhanced detoxication.The previously described Mackay strain, although maintaining its pattern of resistance, was shown to have changed to one now exhibiting a reduced capacity for detoxication and a Ridgelands type of AChE. The Silkwood strain found nearly three years later was shown to be similar to the changed Mackay strain.

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Section: Kinetics Of Inhibition Of Acetylcholinesterase Activity In Vsupporting

confidence: 84%

Characterization of the Organophosphoms-resistant Mt Alford, Gracemere and Silkwood Strains of the Cattle Tick, Boophilus microplus

Schnitzerling¹,

Schuntner²,

Roulston³

et al. 1974

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…Although this result could, perhaps, be attributed to increased non-specific tolerance of MM genotypes due to recombination of modifying factors following crossing back to susceptible stock, it may also suggest the previously unsuspected presence of a slightly more dimethoateresistant genotype in the original M population. In view of the earlier discussion on strain purity, RR, RM, or M R were the most likely candidate genotypes because strain R has subsequently been detected in the Mackay area (Wharton and Roulston 1970) and detected in strain MM 2 years later (B.F. Stone, unpublished date). It is possible that one or two of the 30 matings may have beenR x S instead of M X S but as the vast majority would have been of the correct type, this possibility in no way invalidates the general conclusions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Resistance in the Mackay strain (to coumaphos) is due to detoxicationt (Roulston et al 1969) whereas in both Ridgelands and Biarra strains resistance is due to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) insensitivity towards inhibitors (Lee and Batham 1966;Schuntner et al 1968;Roulston et al 1968). All three strains are deficient in AChE compared with a susceptible strain (Wharton and Roulston 1970) but resistant homozygotes in the Ridge1ands or Mackay strains are distinguishable from those in the Biarra strain by brain AChE histochemistry (Stone 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of Dimethoate Resistance in the Mackay Strain of the Cattle Tick (Boophilus Microplus) in Australia

Stone¹,

Wilson²,

Youlton³

1973

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Reciprocal crossing with a susceptible strain and phenotype analysis of F l , test cross, and F2 progeny for resistance showed that dimethoate resistance in the Mackay strain of the cattle tick Boophilus micro plus was due to an incompletely dominant autosomal gene. The degree of dominance of resistance at LCso was +0' 567; resistance factors for homozygotes and heterozygotes were respectively 221 and 69.

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“…The rickettsemia observed by microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears was calculated according to the Instituto Interamericano de Cooperation para la Agricultura (IICA) (1984). Every two weeks half body counts of standard female Boophilus microplus ticks (>4.5mm) were carried out according to Wharton & Roulston, 1970. Calves received acaricide treatments according to the farm management practices schedule considering tick infestation.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Sera Samples And Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soroprevalência de Anaplasma marginale em bovinos leiteiros e estudos sobre a dinâmica da infecção natural em bezerros holandeses no Sul do Brasil

Andrade

Vidotto

et al. 2004

Sem. Ci. Agr.

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Sera of 708 animals (cows, heifers and calves) from 13 dairy herds in the Londrina region of Paraná, Brazil, were tested for antibodies to Anaplasma marginale by a competitive ELISA assay (cELISA). Ten 2 to 20 days old Holstein calves, from one of the 13 herds studied, were monitored during one year. Blood samples from each calf were collected monthly and tick burden counting was performed every fortnight. Percentage of infected erythrocytes was established by Giemsa-stained smears, and sera samples were examined by cELISA to detect antibodies against A. marginale. In the 13 herds, 92.94% of the animals were seropositive to A. marginale, which indicates that Londrina is an area of enzootic stability. Among the three animal categories (cows, heifers and calves), the rates were 98.29%, 96.64% and 81.25%, respectively. Passive transfer of maternal antibodies to calves was demonstrated by cELISA. From ten calves, nine (90%) were seropositive at the first sampling, revealing colostral antibodies anti-A. marginale. These antibodies remained in calves for 2 to 3 months. After this period the calves were infected with ticks, and then all of them were seropositive to Anaplasma. Five 4 to 7 months old calves showed rickettsemia ranging from 0.1% to 3.8%. Two of them were treated with tetracycline. The rickettsemia and clinical signs of anaplasmosis of these calves were coincident with tick burden increase.

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Resistance of Ticks to Chemicals

Cited by 122 publications

References 0 publications

Characterization of the Organophosphoms-resistant Mt Alford, Gracemere and Silkwood Strains of the Cattle Tick, Boophilus microplus

Characterization of the Organophosphoms-resistant Mt Alford, Gracemere and Silkwood Strains of the Cattle Tick, Boophilus microplus

Inheritance of Dimethoate Resistance in the Mackay Strain of the Cattle Tick (Boophilus Microplus) in Australia

Soroprevalência de Anaplasma marginale em bovinos leiteiros e estudos sobre a dinâmica da infecção natural em bezerros holandeses no Sul do Brasil

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