Resistance of Some Cultivated Brassicaceae to Infestations by Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Sarfraz, M.; Dosdall, Lloyd M.; Keddie, B. A.

doi:10.1093/jee/100.1.215

Cited by 54 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Although glucosinolates, and specifically their breakdown products, have been shown to play a major role in defence mechanisms against generalist and specialist insects (stressed in Sects. 2 and 3), such interactions have to be studied on a case-by-case basis for a purposeful plant genotype selection, as pointed out for the diamondback moth in oilseed rape (Sarfraz et al, 2006(Sarfraz et al, , 2007. Promising biochemical traits other than glucosinolates have been pointed out by Silverstein and co-authors regarding defensins and smaller cysteine-rich peptides for the establishment of constitutive resistance against insect pests (Silverstein et al, 2005(Silverstein et al, , 2007.…”

Section: Includementioning

confidence: 99%

Defence mechanisms of Brassicaceae: implications for plant-insect interactions and potential for integrated pest management. A review

Ahuja

Rohloff

Bones

2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

205

165

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-Brassica crops are grown worldwide for oil, food and feed purposes, and constitute a significant economic value due to their nutritional, medicinal, bioindustrial, biocontrol and crop rotation properties. Insect pests cause enormous yield and economic losses in Brassica crop production every year, and are a threat to global agriculture. In order to overcome these insect pests, Brassica species themselves use multiple defence mechanisms, which can be constitutive, inducible, induced, direct or indirect depending upon the insect or the degree of insect attack. Firstly, we give an overview of different Brassica species with the main focus on cultivated brassicas. Secondly, we describe insect pests that attack brassicas. Thirdly, we address multiple defence mechanisms, with the main focus on phytoalexins, sulphur, glucosinolates, the glucosinolate-myrosinase system and their breakdown products. In order to develop pest control strategies, it is important to study the chemical ecology, and insect behaviour. We review studies on oviposition regulation, multitrophic interactions involving feeding and host selection behaviour of parasitoids and predators of herbivores on brassicas. Regarding oviposition and trophic interactions, we outline insect oviposition behaviour, the importance of chemical stimulation, oviposition-deterring pheromones, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, nitriles, and phytoalexins and their importance towards pest management. Finally, we review brassicas as cover and trap crops, and as biocontrol, biofumigant and biocidal agents against insects and pathogens. Again, we emphasise glucosinolates, their breakdown products, and plant volatile compounds as key components in these processes, which have been considered beneficial in the past and hold great prospects for the future with respect to an integrated pest management.Brassicas / insect pests / chemical ecology / trophic levels / glucosinolates / isothiocyanates / defence mechanisms / biocontrol / trap crops / integrated pest management

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Section: Includementioning

confidence: 99%

Defence mechanisms of Brassicaceae: implications for plant-insect interactions and potential for integrated pest management. A review

Ahuja

Rohloff

Bones

2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

205

165

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“…In a separate experiment, 20 females and 20 males ( 1 day old) of P. xylostella, reared as above, were killed and their wet body masses determined using a Sartorius Supermicro ® Balance (Sartorius Inc., Edgewood, NY, USA). Their forewings were carefully removed, glued onto paper, scanned using a desktop scanner (Umax Powerlook 2100XL Flatbed Scanner, UMAX Technologies Inc., Dallas, TX, USA) and the wing areas measured using Image J (Sarfraz et al, 2007).…”

Section: Leaf Tissue Study: Pre-imaginal and Imaginal Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottom-up effects of host plant nutritional quality on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and top-down effects of herbivore attack on plant compensatory ability

Sarfraz¹,

Dosdall²,

Keddie³

2009

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The plant stress and plant vigour hypotheses are competing paradigms pertaining to the preference and performance of herbivorous insects on their host plants. Tests of these hypotheses ideally require detailed information on aspects of soil nutrition, foliar nutrient levels and parameters of herbivore fitness, but such studies are uncommon. These hypotheses were tested using the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), reared on its host plant, Brassica napus (L.), grown in an experimental system of five nutrient regimes. Different levels of fertilizer treatments significantly affected the nutrient content of B. napus foliage and this in turn affected the preference and performance of P. xylostella. Ovipositing females discriminated among host plants grown in soils subjected to different fertilizer treatments and selected plants on which pre-imaginal survival was highest, development fastest and longevity of the next generation of adults the longest, even when food was scarce. Plants subjected to herbivory by P. xylostella responded by producing elevated levels of some nutrients (e.g., sulphur), but other nutrient levels declined in infested leaves (e.g., nitrogen). Regardless of the rate of fertilizer application, plants compensated for herbivory by increasing root mass compared to un-infested control plants; plants grown in soils receiving the optimum quantity of fertilizer developed the most robust root systems when infested. The plant stress and the plant vigour hypotheses are likely to be at the opposite ends of a continuum of responses between insects and their host plants. Our investigations indicate a complex set of interactions involving both bottom-up and top-down effects, which interact to affect host plant quality, oviposition site selection by female herbivores and the fitness of their offspring.

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“…A low spray coverage means that target arthropod pests in a crop canopy are presented with choices between treated and untreated portions of crop leaves. A possible consequence of low and inconsistent pesticide spray coverages is that target pests develop behavioral avoidance or resistance (Georghiou 1972), and it has been documented in several arthropod species, including German cockroaches [Blatella germanica L. (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)] (Hostetler and Brenner 1994;Wang et al 2004), diamondback moths (Plutella xylostella L, Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) (Sarfraz et al 2007;Hoy 2007, 2006), and spider mites [ Te t r a n y c h u s c i n n a b a r i n u s B o i s d u v a l ( A c a r i : Tetranychidae)] (Martini et al 2012). Likely consequences of low spray coverage and target pests developing behavioral avoidance/resistance include reduced pest suppression and therefore an increase in number of applications (because after a spray failure, farmers have to come back and spray again), increased risk of environmental contaminations, and potential loss of agricultural productivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing pesticide spray coverage using a novel web and smartphone tool, SnapCard

Nansen

Ferguson

Moore

et al. 2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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The overuse of pesticides leads to contamination of water and food. Therefore, there is a need for tools and strategies to optimize pesticide application. Here we present SnapCard, a user-friendly and freely available decision support tool for farmers and agricultural consultants, available at snapcard.agric.wa.gov.au. SnapCard allows to predict, measure, and archive pesticide spray coverage quantified from water-sensitive spray cards. Variables include spray settings such as nozzle orifice size, sprayer speed, water carrier rate and adjuvant, and weather variables such as barometric pressure, relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed at ground level. We use separate regression models for four nozzles types. Our results showed that there are strong and positive correlations between water carrier rate and spray coverage for all four nozzle types. Moreover, sprayer speed is highly negatively correlated with obtained spray coverage. In addition, there is no consistent effect of either nozzle type or use of a particular adjuvant, across water carrier intervals. We conclude that varying combinations of spray settings and weather conditions caused marked ranges of spray coverages among the four nozzle types, thus highlighting the importance of selecting the right nozzle orifice size and type. We demonstrate that realistic scenarios of environmental conditions and spray settings can lead to predictions of very low spray coverage with at least one of the four nozzle types. We discuss how the novel and freely available smartphone app, SnapCard, can be used to optimize spray coverage, reduce spray drift, and minimize the risk of resistance development in target pest populations.

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Resistance of Some Cultivated Brassicaceae to Infestations by Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Cited by 54 publications

References 36 publications

Defence mechanisms of Brassicaceae: implications for plant-insect interactions and potential for integrated pest management. A review

Defence mechanisms of Brassicaceae: implications for plant-insect interactions and potential for integrated pest management. A review

Bottom-up effects of host plant nutritional quality on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and top-down effects of herbivore attack on plant compensatory ability

Optimizing pesticide spray coverage using a novel web and smartphone tool, SnapCard

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