2020
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14218-7
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Resistance of melanoma to immune checkpoint inhibitors is overcome by targeting the sphingosine kinase-1

Abstract: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have dramatically modified the prognosis of several advanced cancers, however many patients still do not respond to treatment. Optimal results might be obtained by targeting cancer cell metabolism to modulate the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here, we identify sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1) as a key regulator of anti-tumor immunity. Increased expression of SK1 in tumor cells is significantly associated with shorter survival in metastatic melanoma patients treated wit… Show more

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Cited by 95 publications
(101 citation statements)
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“…There are many examples of SK1 upregulation at the mRNA and protein level, which is often associated with poor prognosis including reduced survival and earlier disease recurrence in cancer patients [2]. Recent examples include melanoma [62], papillary thyroid carcinoma [84], non-small cell lung cancer [85], triple-negative breast cancer [86] and colorectal cancer [87]. This is consistent with the ability of SK1 to promote cell survival, proliferation and neoplastic transformation and supports the therapeutic potential of SK1 inhibitors.…”
Section: Sk1/sk2 and Cancermentioning
confidence: 58%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…There are many examples of SK1 upregulation at the mRNA and protein level, which is often associated with poor prognosis including reduced survival and earlier disease recurrence in cancer patients [2]. Recent examples include melanoma [62], papillary thyroid carcinoma [84], non-small cell lung cancer [85], triple-negative breast cancer [86] and colorectal cancer [87]. This is consistent with the ability of SK1 to promote cell survival, proliferation and neoplastic transformation and supports the therapeutic potential of SK1 inhibitors.…”
Section: Sk1/sk2 and Cancermentioning
confidence: 58%
“…Silencing SK1 decreased TGFβ, IL10, CCL17 and CCL22 levels in the tumour microenvironment to limit Treg infiltration, accompanied by downregulation of prostaglandin E synthase and PGE2 formation. Furthermore, SK1 silencing markedly enhances responses to anti‐PD‐1 and to other immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in murine models of melanoma, breast and colon cancer, thereby reducing tumour growth [62]. The activation of natural killer T (NKT) cells (by glycolipid antigens on CD1d) is also increased by knockdown of SK1 or antagonism of S1P 1 in mantle cell lymphoma, an aggressive subtype of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma that is associated with increased S1P levels.…”
Section: Role Of S1p In Protumorigenic Inflammation and Immune Signalmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another analysis showed that in melanoma tumors, SK1 knockdown significantly reduced the production of various immunosuppressive cytokines, such as TGF‐β, IL‐10, CCL17, and CCL22, which was consistent with the explanation of the significant decrease in tumor infiltration of Treg. When SK1 was silenced, PGEs was significantly reduced, leading to a significant reduction in the production of PGE2 (Prostaglandin E2 synthase), and enhancing the therapeutic response of melanoma to PD‐1/PD‐L1 monoclonal antibody 247 . The combination of ICB and SK1 antagonists may be an innovative anticancer therapy option.…”
Section: Pd‐1/pd‐l1 Resistance and Cell Metabolism And Metabolitesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Real-time immunomonitoring of T-cell-mediated killing of cancer cells in CRISPR-edited isogenic cancer cell models engineered for single or combinational transcriptional interference and/or activation of metabolic genes in physiological-like tissue culture conditions [ 178 , 179 ] would be performed to rapidly infer dependencies on metabolic genes and networks of tumor cell responses to T-cells and/or ICIs. The preclinical uncovering of metabolically-driven immunosuppressive signatures might generate hypotheses for clinical validation not only in publicly available transcriptomic data from comprehensive genomic approaches [ 180 , 181 ], but also in longitudinal tumor samples of patients on immune checkpoint blockade ( Figure 7 ).…”
Section: Clinical and Molecular Monitoring Of Tumor Cell-intrinsicmentioning
confidence: 99%