Resistance of Lactobacillus casei KCTC 3260 to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Role for a Metal Ion Chelating Effect

Abstract

The antioxidative capacity of 4 Lactobacillus strains, isolated from a milk product, was evaluated by measuring total antioxidative ability (TAA) and resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Both intact cells and intracellular cell‐free extracts of Lactobacillus casei KCTC 3260 demonstrated the highest antioxidative activity and inhibited lipid peroxidation by 46.2% and 72.9%, respectively. To evaluate the resistance of 4 Lactobacillus strains to ROS, we tested the survival under conditions of 1 mM hydrogen peroxide, 0.4 mM hydroxyl radicals, and 10 mM paraquat‐induced superoxide anions. L. casei KCTC 3260 was viable even after 8 h in the presence of 1 mM hydrogen peroxide and after 7 h in 0.4 mM hydroxyl radicals. Moreover, this strain was not influenced by superoxide anions, indicating that it has resistance to superoxide anions. To define the antioxidative mechanism, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and metal ion chelating activity were determined. All tested strains did not possess detectable SOD activity except Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, but L. casei KCTC 3260 had the higher level of chelating activity for both Fe2+ and Cu2+ ions at 10.6 ppm and 21.8 ppm, respectively. These results suggested that the antioxidative capacity of L. casei KCTC 3260 may be caused by chelating metal ions instead of SOD activation.

Antioxidant properties of wine lactic acid bacteria: Oenococcus oeni

“…(Kullisaar et al 2002;Lee et al 2005). High consistency between TGSH and TAA-CFE was observed (r>0.8) and was in agreement with Zanoni et al (2008), and high correlation was observed between TAA (IC, CFE) and TLA (CFE) values (r>0.8).…”

“…However, these measures did not correlate with each other ( Table 2). The inhibition of ascorbic acid autoxidation and linoleic acid peroxidation is commonly used to determine the total antioxidative activity of LAB and probiotics (Lee et al 2005;Lin and Chang 2000;Zanoni et al 2008). The ascorbate autoxidation system could also be used to test for the presence of extraneous catalytic metals in aqueous solution because the rate of ascorbate oxidation strongly depended on the catalytic metals in the aqueous solution (Buettner 1990).…”

“…The biochemical mechanisms of the antioxidative activity of probiotic bacteria could be attributed to the presence of GSH, superoxide dismutase (SOD), NADH oxidase, and NADH peroxidase (Lee et al 2005;Lin and Yen 1999). The glutathione system, which consists of GSH, GPx, GR, and NADPH, is important for maintaining the redox balance of cells.…”

“…The ferrous ion chelating capacities of strains are a nonenzymatic defense mechanism in LAB. Transition metal ions, such as Fe 2+ , could induce lipid peroxidation and start a chain reaction to produce peroxyl and alkoxyl radicals and may contribute to the risk of heart disease (Lee et al 2005). The Fenton reaction of hydrogen peroxide or the reaction of superoxide anion with the iron ion could produce hydroxyl radicals (Kavitha and Palanivelu 2004).…”

Genomic Insights into Bifidobacteria

“…However, the nine completed genome sequences of bifidobacteria do not reveal any SOD-related genes. The discrepancy may be explained by the proposal that SOD activity measurements in bifidobacteria were probably false-positive results, based on comparisons with known SOD enzymes (42,160). This proposal is supported by the genome analysis.…”