Resistance of Geneva and Other Apple Rootstocks to<i>Erwinia amylovora</i>

Norelli, John L.; Holleran, H.T.; Johnson, William A.; Robinson, Terence L.; Aldwinckle, Herb S.

doi:10.1094/pdis.2003.87.1.26

Cited by 74 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Application of real‐time PCR to detect and identify E. amylovora in plant tissue has several advantages in comparison with previously described PCR assays. Quantitative detection is useful to estimate the growth of a pathogen in resistance studies with transgenic plants (Reynoird et al ., 1999; Hanke et al ., 2002; Hanke et al ., 2003) or after application of fireblight control agents such as Prohexadione Ca (Costa et al ., 2001) or in breeding programmes (Norelli et al ., 2003). Quantitative PCR could also be applied to estimate the extent of contamination with E. amylovora on fruits (Van der Zwet et al ., 1990) destined for export, particularly to countries without occurrence of fireblight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real‐time PCR for detection and quantification of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fireblight

Salm

Geider

2004

Plant Pathology

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Real-time PCR was used for quantitative detection of Erwinia amylovora , the causative agent of fireblight. Specific primers were created from a DNA fragment of the common plasmid pEA29, successfully used for standard PCR identification of the pathogen. The primers amplified DNA from various E. amylovora strains, but not from other plant-associated bacteria. DNA of E. amylovora was also amplified from field samples and from inoculated apple leaves or flowers. Neither the presence of other bacteria nor low amounts of tissue extracts from bark or leaves changed the signal threshold. Assays with SYBR Green I instead of the Taqman probe showed a similar sensitivity, detecting 50 cells per assay. Real-time PCR could be especially useful for mass screening of commercial products and for resistance studies of transgenic host plants, in breeding experiments and after treatments to control fireblight.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real‐time PCR for detection and quantification of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fireblight

Salm

Geider

2004

Plant Pathology

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“…1). A great advantage of the Geneva® series of rootstocks is their high resistance to fire blight (Ervinia amylovora), (Cummins and Aldwickle, 1983;Norelli et al, 2003;Robinson et al, 2003;Baritt et al 2004). The control function was fulfilled by trees on M.9 T337, M.26, and M.9 Pajam 2 commonly used in apple tree production in Poland, Holland, England and France.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eleven Year Evaluation of American (Geneva^®) and Polish Rootstocks with ‘Golden Delicious Reinders’ Apple in Poland

Czynczyk

Bielicki

2012

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

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A B S T R A C TA field study of dwarf apple rootstock performance using 'Golden Delicious Reinders' as scion cultivar was conducted during the year 2001-2011. The study included 6 rootstocks from Cornell Geneva rootstock breeding program (G.11, G.16, G.41, G.202, CG.3007 and CG.4013) 4 rootstocks from the Polish rootstock breeding program (P 14, P 16, P 59 and P 60) and 3 Malling rootstocks as control (M.9 T337, M.9 Pajam 2 and M.26). During the eleven years of growth (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011), there was no tree loss due to root system or cultivar damage caused by frost or diseases including fire blight (Ervinia amylovora Burr. Winsl.) infestation on the rootstock. Trees growing on P 59 and P 16 had the weakest growth while the strongest growing trees were on P 14, M.26, P 60, G.202 and CG.4013. The size of the trees on M.9 Pajam 2, G.16, G.41, CG3007 and CG.4013 were similar to that of the trees growing on the standard rootstock M.9 T337, while the trees on P 59, P 16 and G.11 were significantly smaller from standard trees on M.9 T337. After eleven years of the growth, the cumulative yield varied from 56.7 kg (on P 59) to 237.8 kg (on CG.4013). High yields were also obtained from vigorously growing trees on: G.202, P 14, G.41 and M.26. The cumulative yield expressed as yield per cm 2 of trunk cross-sectional area was highest for trees on G.11, P 16, M.9 Pajam 2 and G.41 and lowest for vigorously growing trees on P 60, P 14 and M.26. In 2009, a year of good cropping, the mean mass of fruits varied from 140 g on G.16 to 213 g on P 60. The fruit size from trees on P 14, M.26 and P 16 was statistically similar to fruits from trees on M.9 T337. The results of the eleven-year study lead to the conclusion that the rootstocks G.11 and G.41, which are highly resistant to fire blight, can be recommended for growing 'Golden Delicious Reinders' apple in the Polish climate, similarly to trees on M.9 T337, P 16 and M.9 Pajam 2. For orchards located on light soils the following rootstocks are also promising: G.202, CG.3007, CG.4013 and P 14 and P 60 rootstocks of polish selection.

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“…Challenge treatments consisted of transversally bisecting the first ten leaves from the shoot apex with scissors dipped in (1) a suspension of 1×10 9 colony forming units of E. amylovora strain Ea273 ml −1 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 6.5 (E. amylovora-inoculated), prepared as per Norelli et al (2003), and (2) 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 6.5 (mockinoculated). Leaf tissue samples were collected at 0.25, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post-inoculation (hpi) from the first five inoculated leaves from the shoot apex on three replicate trees of both challenge treatments.…”

Section: Challenge Treatments and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid transcriptional response of apple to fire blight disease revealed by cDNA suppression subtractive hybridization analysis

Norelli

Farrell

Bassett

et al. 2008

Tree Genetics & Genomes

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Fire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a destructive disease of many tree and shrub species of the Rosaceae. Suppression subtractive cDNA hybridization (SSH) was used to identify genes that are differentially up-and down-regulated in apple (Malus x domestica) in response to challenge with E. amylovora. cDNA libraries were constructed from E. amylovora-and mock-challenged apple leaf tissue at various time intervals after challenge treatment, ranging from 0.25 to 72 h postinoculation (hpi), and utilized in SSH. Gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified SSH cDNAs indicated a greater quantity and size diversity in the down-regulated EST population at early times after challenge (1 and 2 hpi) compared to early up-regulated sequences and to sequences down-regulated at later (24 and 48 hpi) times after challenge. A total of 468 non-redundant Malus ESTs isolated by SSH in response to E. amylovora challenge were characterized by bioinformatic analysis. Many of ESTs identified following E. amylovora challenge of apple were similar to genes previously reported to respond to bacterial challenge in Arabidopsis thaliana. The results indicate that there was a substantial early (1 and 2 hpi) transcriptional response in apple to fire blight disease involving both the down-and up-regulation of host genes. Additionally, genes identified responding to fire blight challenge early (1 and 2 hpi) differed from those identified later (25, 48, and 72 hpi) in the infection process.

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Resistance of Geneva and Other Apple Rootstocks toErwinia amylovora

Cited by 74 publications

References 12 publications

Real‐time PCR for detection and quantification of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fireblight

Real‐time PCR for detection and quantification of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fireblight

Eleven Year Evaluation of American (Geneva^®) and Polish Rootstocks with ‘Golden Delicious Reinders’ Apple in Poland

Rapid transcriptional response of apple to fire blight disease revealed by cDNA suppression subtractive hybridization analysis

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Resistance of Geneva and Other Apple Rootstocks toErwinia amylovora

Cited by 74 publications

References 12 publications

Real‐time PCR for detection and quantification of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fireblight

Real‐time PCR for detection and quantification of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fireblight

Eleven Year Evaluation of American (Geneva®) and Polish Rootstocks with ‘Golden Delicious Reinders’ Apple in Poland

Rapid transcriptional response of apple to fire blight disease revealed by cDNA suppression subtractive hybridization analysis

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Eleven Year Evaluation of American (Geneva^®) and Polish Rootstocks with ‘Golden Delicious Reinders’ Apple in Poland