Resistance of conifers to bark beetle attack: Searching for general relationships

Christiansen, Erik; Waring, Richard H.; Berryman, Alan A.

doi:10.1016/0378-1127(87)90098-3

Cited by 391 publications

(328 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

308

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…fallen or weakened trees (Christiansen et al, 1987, Christiansen andBakke, 1988). This requires good knowledge of the regionally specific seasonal flight patterns and the temperature-dependent development of the beetle (Netherer and Pennerstorfer, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal flight patterns of Ips typographus in southern Sweden and thermal sums required for emergence

Öhrn

Långström

Lindelöw

et al. 2014

Agri and Forest Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal flight patterns of Ips typographus in southern Sweden and thermal sums required for emergence

Öhrn

Långström

Lindelöw

et al. 2014

Agri and Forest Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, many scolytine beetles attack only trees that are weakened and/or stressed, or dead (Avtzis et al 2012;Paine et al 1997;Raffa et al 1993;Six & Wingfield 2011). Despite their ecological importance in, for example, initiating nutrient cycling (Christiansen et al 1987;Stark 1982), they have not attracted much research interest, as they seldom cause economic losses, except for those few that vector detrimental fungi (Lieutier et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), their phoretic mites (Acari) and associated Geosmithia species (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) from Virgilia trees in South Africa

Machingambi¹,

Roux²,

Dreyer³

et al. 2014

Fungal Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bark and ambrosia beetles are ecologically and economically important phloeophagous insects that often have complex symbiotic relationships with fungi and mites. These systems are greatly understudied in Africa. In the present study we identified bark and ambrosia beetles, their phoretic mites and their main fungal associates from native Virgilia trees in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa. In addition, we tested the ability of mites to feed on the associated fungi. Four species of scolytine beetles were collected from various Virgilia hosts and from across the CFR. All were consistently associated with various Geosmithia species, fungi known from phloeophagous beetles in many parts of the world, but not yet reported as Scolytinae associates in South Africa. Four beetle species, a single mite species and five Geosmithia species were recovered. The beetles, Hapalogenius fuscipennis, Cryphalini sp. 1 and Scolytoplatypus fasciatus were associated with a single species of Elattoma phoretic mite that commonly carried spores of Geosmithia species. Liparthrum sp. 1 did not carry phoretic mites. Similar to European studies, Geosmithia associates of beetles from Virgilia were constant over extended geographic ranges, and species that share the same host plant individual had similar Geosmithia communities. Phoretic mites were unable to feed on their Geosmithia associates, but were observed to feed on bark-beetle larvae within tunnels. This study forms the first African-centred base for ongoing global studies on the 1 associations between arthropods and Geosmithia species. It strengthens hypotheses that the association between Scolytinae beetles and dry-spored Geosmithia species may be more ubiquitous than commonly recognised.

show abstract

“…Bark beetle associated blue stain fungi are thought to play an important role in beetle establishment on their conifer hosts by contributing to exhaust the host resistance [4,14,24,25]. The basic mechanism of conifer defense against bark beetles is the development of a hypersensitive response in the phloem and the sapwood, mainly consisting of an enrichment of secondary metabolites in the tissues of the tree around each site of attack [1, 3, 26, 29, among others].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This tree reaction against bark beetle attack is induced by the mechanical stress due to the tunneling activity of the insect and can be considerably amplified by the fungi introduced by the beetle into the wound [14,20]. The level of resistance of an individual tree is defined as the critical threshold of attack density above which its defense mechanisms are overcome [2,4,25,40]. By stimulating the tree hypersensitive reaction, the fungi accelerate the energy expenditure of the tree, thus lowering the critical threshold and consequently helping the beetle population to establish on its host.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in growth and virulence of Leptographium wingfieldii Morelet, a fungus associated with the bark beetle Tomicus piniperda L.

Lieutier¹,

Yart²,

Ye³

et al. 2004

Ann. For. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Growth and virulence of various isolates of Leptographium wingfieldii Morelet, isolated from Tomicus piniperda L. and galleries initiated by this insect on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) at different parts of the forest of Orléans, were compared. Six isolates were tested in 1994 and 15 in 1995. The tested parameters included the growth on malt agar at different temperatures, the ability of the fungus to stimulate the hypersensitive reaction in the phloem and to grow into the reaction zone after isolated inoculations of Scots pine trees, as well as fungal virulence to Scots pine after mass inoculations. Significant differences between isolates were observed for all parameters. These differences mainly refer to gradual variations among isolates, even though some isolates were constantly opposed to each other for all or most parameters. No obvious effect of the locality, from where the isolates had been obtained, was detected. The results suggest that the population of L. wingfieldii in the forest of Orléans consists of isolates that possess a high individual variability in growth characteristics and virulence to their host tree. Fungal growth both on malt agar and in the phloem was positively correlated with the length of the reaction zone in the phloem after isolated inoculations and with parameters related to fungal virulence after mass inoculations. Likewise, length of the reaction zone in the phloem was positively correlated to the number of killed trees and the percentage of blue stained sapwood area after mass inoculations. The results are discussed in relation to the possible origin of the variability in fungal growth and virulence, and to practical use of fungal growth on malt agar and in the phloem for screening and comparing the virulence of various isolates within the same blue stain fungal species.Leptographium wingfieldii / Tomicus piniperda / intraspecific variability / growth / virulence / tree defense reaction / temperature / Orléans Résumé -Variabilité de la croissance et de la virulence de Leptographium wingfieldii Morelet, champignon associé au Scolyte Tomicus piniperda L. La croissance et la virulence de divers isolats de Leptographium wingfieldii Morelet, isolés d'adultes de Tomicus piniperda L. et de leurs galeries provenant d'attaques récentes sur des pins sylvestres (Pinus sylvestris L.) dans différentes zones de la forêt d'Orléans, ont été comparées. Six isolats ont été considérés en 1994 et 15 en 1995. Les paramètres testés étaient la vitesse de croissance sur malt agar à diverses températures, la capacité du champignon à stimuler la réaction hypersensible du liber et à croître dans la zone de réaction après inoculations ponctuelles à des pins sylvestres, et sa virulence après inoculations massives sur Pin sylvestre. Des différences significatives entre isolats ont été observées pour tous les paramètres. Elles correspondent essentiellement à des variations graduelles, même si certains isolats étaient constamment opposés les uns aux autres pour tous ou la plupart des paramètres...

show abstract

Resistance of conifers to bark beetle attack: Searching for general relationships

Cited by 391 publications

References 54 publications

Seasonal flight patterns of Ips typographus in southern Sweden and thermal sums required for emergence

Seasonal flight patterns of Ips typographus in southern Sweden and thermal sums required for emergence

Bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), their phoretic mites (Acari) and associated Geosmithia species (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) from Virgilia trees in South Africa

Variations in growth and virulence of Leptographium wingfieldii Morelet, a fungus associated with the bark beetle Tomicus piniperda L.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About