Resistance of callose synthase activity to free fatty acid inhibition as an indicator of Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat

Ellinger, Dorothea; Sode, Björn; Falter, Christian; Voigt, Christian A.

doi:10.4161/psb.28982

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Thus, the diminished increase of cytosolic Ca 21 and stomatal closure in crk2 may be a consequence of the impaired flg22-induced ROS production. Also, callose deposition (Caillaud et al, 2014;Ellinger et al, 2014) has been previously linked to ROS production (Couto and Zipfel, 2016) and CRK2 interacts with callose synthases, phosphorylates CALLOSE SYNTHASE 1 (CALS1) in vitro and salt-induced callose deposition is reduced in crk2 (Hunter et al, 2019). While flg22-triggered callose deposition in crk2 was indistinguishable from Col-0 after 12 h of treatment (Supplemental Figures 2I and 2J), crk2 exhibited more callose deposition after 30 min treatment with flg22 compared to Col-0.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

CRK2 and C-terminal Phosphorylation of NADPH Oxidase RBOHD Regulate Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Arabidopsis

et al. 2020

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important messengers in eukaryotic organisms, and their production is tightly controlled. Active extracellular ROS production by NADPH oxidases in plants is triggered by receptor-like protein kinase-dependent signaling networks. Here, we show that CYSTEINE-RICH RLK2 (CRK2) kinase activity is required for plant growth and CRK2 exists in a preformed complex with the NADPH oxidase RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (RBOHD) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Functional CRK2 is required for the full elicitor-induced ROS burst, and consequently the crk2 mutant is impaired in defense against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. Our work demonstrates that CRK2 regulates plant innate immunity. We identified in vitro CRK2-dependent phosphorylation sites in the C-terminal region of RBOHD. Phosphorylation of S703 RBOHD is enhanced upon flg22 treatment, and substitution of S703 with Ala reduced ROS production in Arabidopsis. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that phospho-sites in the C-terminal region of RBOHD are conserved throughout the plant lineage and between animals and plants. We propose that regulation of NADPH oxidase activity by phosphorylation of the C-terminal region might be an ancient mechanism and that CRK2 is an important element in regulating microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered ROS production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

CRK2 and C-terminal Phosphorylation of NADPH Oxidase RBOHD Regulate Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Arabidopsis

et al. 2020

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“…The work presented here experimentally tests components that would be expected to function within the regulon, but lie outside of the genetically defined apparatus (Humphry et al 2010). The selected genes encoding myosin XI and callose synthase (CS) relate to their previously reported defense roles and how the roles relate to vesicle trafficking (Ellinger et al 2013;Ellinger, Glöckner, et al 2014;Ellinger, Sode, et al 2014;Yang et al 2014;Peremyslov et al 2015;Leslie et al 2016;De Benedictis et al 2018;Sassmann et al 2018;Wang et al 2018). Furthermore, an examination of CS has been performed due to our previous observations that have shown an apparent increase in callose labeling at sites of engineered resistance in transgenic lines overexpressing GmSYP121-1 (GmSYP121-1-OE), leading to a successful defense response while in contrast GmSYP121-1-RNAi transgenic lines exhibit an impaired defense response and an apparent decrease in callose at sites of successful parasitism (Sharma et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An expanded role of the SNARE-containing regulon as it relates to the defense process that Glycine max has to Heterodera glycines

Austin

McNeece

Sharma

et al. 2019

Journal of Plant Interactions

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The defense regulon has been defined genetically in Arabidopsis thaliana to involve the syntaxin PENETRATION1 (PEN1), the secreted glucosidase (PEN2) and an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter (PEN3). Experiments in Glycine max (soybean) have identified homologous genes being expressed in root cells undergoing defense processes to Heterodera glycines parasitism. These experiments have not examined proteins involved in cargo delivery to the infection site. A good candidate fulfilling this role would be myosin XI. In related studies, prior microscopic analyses have shown the accumulation of callose at these defense sites. Experiments presented here show that callose synthase expression impairs H. glycines parasitism. The experiments presented here have expanded on prior results demonstrating the central defense role of the plant vesicular trafficking apparatus and callose synthase to the defense process that G. max has toward H. glycines parasitism.

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“…Both SA, jasmonic acid (JA) and LA are important components in the wheat defence response against F. graminearum , and infection of spikes by F. graminearum leads to a significant increase in their accumulation621. To further understand the reduced disease severity of Δ FgLAI12 spikes compared with WT spikes, we compared the amount of SA, JA and LA in spikes inoculated with WT and Δ FgLAI12 conidia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LA plays an important role in wheat and barley in defence against F. graminearum and has been established to be a FHB resistance-related metabolite6723. Higher concentrations of LA accumulate in FHB-resistant wheat lines than in susceptible lines7, which suggests that LA contributes to FHB resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linoleic acid isomerase gene FgLAI12 affects sensitivity to salicylic acid, mycelial growth and virulence of Fusarium graminearum

Zhang

Wei

Liu

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Fusarium graminearum is the major causal agent of fusarium head blight in wheat, a serious disease worldwide. Linoleic acid isomerase (LAI) catalyses the transformation of linoleic acid (LA) to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which is beneficial for human health. We characterised a cis-12 LAI gene of F. graminearum (FGSG_02668; FgLAI12), which was downregulated by salicylic acid (SA), a plant defence hormone. Disruption of FgLAI12 in F. graminearum resulted in decreased accumulation of cis-9,trans-11 CLA, enhanced sensitivity to SA, and increased accumulation of LA and SA in wheat spikes during infection. In addition, mycelial growth, accumulation of deoxynivalenol, and pathogenicity in wheat spikes were reduced. Re-introduction of a functional FgLAI12 gene into ΔFgLAI12 recovered the wild-type phenotype. Fluorescent microscopic analysis showed that FgLAI12 protein was usually expressed in the septa zone of conidia and the vacuole of hyphae, but was expressed in the cell membrane of hyphae in response to exogenous LA, which may be an element of LA metabolism during infection by F. graminearum. The cis-12 LAI enzyme encoded by FgLAI12 is critical for fungal response to SA, mycelial growth and virulence in wheat. The gene FgLAI12 is potentially valuable for biotechnological synthesis of cis-9,trans-11 CLA.

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Resistance of callose synthase activity to free fatty acid inhibition as an indicator of Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

CRK2 and C-terminal Phosphorylation of NADPH Oxidase RBOHD Regulate Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Arabidopsis

CRK2 and C-terminal Phosphorylation of NADPH Oxidase RBOHD Regulate Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Arabidopsis

An expanded role of the SNARE-containing regulon as it relates to the defense process that Glycine max has to Heterodera glycines

Linoleic acid isomerase gene FgLAI12 affects sensitivity to salicylic acid, mycelial growth and virulence of Fusarium graminearum

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