Resistance of Acanthamoeba castellanii Cysts to Physical, Chemical, and Radiological Conditions

Aksozek, Alper; McClellan, Kathleen A.; Howard, Kevin; Niederkorn, Jérry Y.; Alizadeh, Hassan

doi:10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0621:roacct]2.0.co;2

Cited by 158 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Free-living protozoa on dishcloths are frequently exposed to stress conditions such as desiccation, disinfection and cleaning treatments. Through cyst formation, various protozoan species can survive unfavorable conditions (Aksozek et al, 2002;Coulon et al, 2010;Dupuy et al, 2014;Sriram et al, 2008) which may also be the case on dishcloths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-occurrence of free-living protozoa and foodborne pathogens on dishcloths: Implications for food safety

Chavatte

Baré

Lambrecht

et al. 2014

International Journal of Food Microbiology

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In the present study, the occurrence of free-living protozoa (FLP) and foodborne bacterial pathogens on dishcloths was investigated. Dishcloths form a potentially important source of cross-contamination with FLP and foodborne pathogens in food-related environments. First various protocols for recovering and quantifying FLP from dishcloths were assessed. The stomacher technique is recommended to recover flagellates and amoebae from dishcloths. Ciliates, however, were more efficiently recovered using centrifugation. For enumeration of freeliving protozoa on dishcloths, the Most Probable Number method is a convenient method. Enrichment was used to assess FLP diversity on dishcloths (n = 38). FLP were found on 89% of the examined dishcloths; 100% of these tested positive for amoebae, 71% for flagellates and 47% for ciliates. Diversity was dominated by amoebae: vahlkampfiids, vannellids, Acanthamoeba spp., Hyperamoeba sp. and Vermamoeba vermiformis were most common. The ciliate genus Colpoda was especially abundant on dishcloths while heterotrophic nanoflagellates mainly belonged to the genus Bodo, the glissomonads and cercomonads. The total number of FLP in used dishcloths ranged from 10 to 10 4 MPN/cm 2 . Flagellates were the most abundant group, and ciliates the least abundant. Detergent use was identified as a prime determinant of FLP concentrations on used dishcloths. Bacterial load on dishcloths was high, with a mean total of aerobic bacteria of 7.47 log 10 cfu/cm 2 . Escherichia coli was detected in 68% (26/38) of the used dishcloths, with concentrations up to 4 log 10 cfu/cm 2 . Foodborne pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus (19/38), Arcobacter butzleri (5/38) and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Halle (1/38) were also present. This study showed for the first time that FLP, including some opportunistic pathogens, are a common and diverse group on dishcloths. Moreover, important foodborne pathogens are also regularly recovered. This simultaneous occurrence makes dishcloths a potential risk factor for cross-contamination and a microbial niche for bacteria-FLP interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-occurrence of free-living protozoa and foodborne pathogens on dishcloths: Implications for food safety

Chavatte

Baré

Lambrecht

et al. 2014

International Journal of Food Microbiology

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“…It exists in active trophozoite form but can also encyst, creating the potential for reactivation of disease after treatment is ended. 160 Several studies have concluded that infection with Acanthamoeba does not protect against reinfection, suggesting that immunological defence is predominantly mediated by the innate immune system. [161][162][163][164] Patients presenting with Acanthamoeba infection have been found to have low levels of anti-Acanthamoeba sIgA in their tearfilms, 165 raising the suggestion that IgA is an important protective factor against infection at the corneal surface.…”

Section: Onchocerca Volvulus (Onchocerciasis) Onchocerciasis Is Due Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern recognition receptors in microbial keratitis

Taube

Cendra

Elsahn

et al. 2015

Eye

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“…Améby tvoria perzistentné cysty, ktoré pomáhajú bakté-riám prekonávať extrémne teploty, vyschnutie, vystavenie ultrafialovému žiareniu (23). Navyše tieto cysty poskytujú ochranu pred niektorými chemikáliami použí-vanými pri úprave vody, ako je chlór (24) a trochu menej monochloramín (25).…”

Section: Prežívanie a Množenie Rôznych Baktérií V Amébachunclassified

Occurrence of Amoeba and Amoeba-resistent Mycobacteria in Source and Drinking Water

Štecová¹,

Kaevska²

2015

Hygiena

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48HYGIENA § § 60(2) § 48-52 PŘEHLEDOVÉ PRÁCE SÚHRNPrístup k pitnej vode je jedným zo základných predpokladov života. Na to, aby toto mohlo byť zabezpečené je potrebné najskôr zdrojovú vodu upraviť chemickými, biologickými a fyzikálnymi postupmi. Napriek všetkým úpravám sa v pitnej vode vyskytujú rôzne druhy mikroorganizmov, pričom niektoré z nich môžu predstavovať zdravotné riziko pre človeka. Tento prehľadný článok sa zameriava najmä na výskyt améb v úpravniach vody a v pitnej vode a jej význam ako rezervoár netuberkulóznej mykobaktérie. Tieto mykobaktérie pritom môžu predstavovať vážne ohrozenie zdravia ľudí, nakoľko spôsobujú závažné ochorenia kože, dýcha-cieho systému, lymfatického systému a gastrointestinálneho traktu. Výzkumný ústav veterinárního lékařství, v. v. i, BrnoUnrestricted access to drinking water of good quality is one of the basic prerequisite of life. For this to be achieved it is necessary to treat the raw water through chemical, biological and physical methods. However, the water treatment is not exhaustive and some microorganisms are able to overcome it whereby posing a health risk. This review draws attention mainly to the occurrence of free living amoeba at different stages of water treatment and their importance as a reservoir of potentially pathogenic non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Mycobacteria may present a severe threat to human health considering they cause serious infections to the skin, as well as of the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems.Key words: drinking water, mycobacteria, amoeba ÚvodPrvoky sú jednobunkové eukaryotické heterotrofné alebo mixotrofné organizmy. Rozšírené sú všade, kde je aspoň trochu vlhké prostredie. Taxonómia je zložitá a často sa mení, ale všeobecne sem môžeme zaradiť niekoľko taxonomických skupín. Sú to hlavne Amoebozoa (meňavkovce, meňavky -améby), Opisthokonta (hlavne golierikovce -Choanozoa), Chromalveolata (napr. nálevní-ky -Ciliophora), Excavata (napr. červenoočká -Euglenozoa) a Rhizaria (napr. dierkavce -Foraminifera).Spomedzi mnohých druhov voľne žijúcich améb, sú len niektoré spájané s ochoreniami človeka. Sú to napr. Acanthamoeba spp., Naegleria fowleri, či Balamuthia mandrillaris. Acanthamoeba spp. a B. mandrillaris vyvolávajú chronické a často fatálne ložiskové postihnutie mozgu -granulomatóznu amébovú encefalitídu, hlavne u starších ľudí a imunokompromitovaných pacientov. Okrem toho spôsobujú aj infekcie kože a pľúc. Acanthamoeba spp. je pôvodcom amébovej keratitídy, vážneho zápalu rohovky postihujúceho prevažne zdravých jedincov. Nelieče-ný môže viesť k slepote. Naegleria fowleri spôsobuje zá-važné ochorenie centrálneho nervového systému -primárnu amébovú meningoencefalitídu. Postihuje zdravé deti a mladých ľudí (1).Tieto améby sú oportúnnými patogénmi, ochorenia nimi spôsobované nie sú veľmi časté, ale sú závaž-né, hlavne u imunokompromitovaných pacientov. Napriek tomu, améby sú významnejšie ako rezervoár patogénnych baktérií.Prvoky, kam zaraďujeme aj améby, tvoria perzistentné cysty, ktoré sa v niektorých prípadoch pri nepriaznivých pod...

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Resistance of Acanthamoeba castellanii Cysts to Physical, Chemical, and Radiological Conditions

Cited by 158 publications

References 17 publications

Co-occurrence of free-living protozoa and foodborne pathogens on dishcloths: Implications for food safety

Co-occurrence of free-living protozoa and foodborne pathogens on dishcloths: Implications for food safety

Pattern recognition receptors in microbial keratitis

Occurrence of Amoeba and Amoeba-resistent Mycobacteria in Source and Drinking Water

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