Resistance mechanisms and farm-level distribution of fecal Escherichia coli isolates resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in pigs in Spain

Escudero, Esther; Vinué, Laura; Teshager, Tirushet; Torres, Carmén; Moreno, Miguel A.

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.05.021

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…We found that these isolates had mutations in the promoter and attenuator sequences of the E. coli chromosomal ampC gene that have also been reported from human clinical E. coli isolates in South Africa (39), Spain (7,40), France (12,13,35), Belgium (6), Norway (22), and Denmark (26). They have also been described in animal source E. coli isolates, including those from cattle in Canada (38) and the United Kingdom (34) and pigs in Spain (19) and in E. coli collected from recreational water samples in T A T G T E160 SSuT C A T G T E1026 ASSuTGK T A T G T E1030 ACSSuTKSxtNalRcazAmc T A T G T E1039 ASSuTGKNalRcazAmc T A T G T E1067 ASSuTKCazAmc T A T G T E2534 SSuTGKSxtAmik Canada (37). The locations of base changes were variable, but they had the effect of creating a functional promoter and sometimes affecting the attenuator region as well (6,7,13,35).…”

supporting

confidence: 53%

Genotypic-Phenotypic Discrepancies between Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics of Escherichia coli Isolates from Calves in Management Settings with High and Low Antibiotic Use

Davis

Besser

Orfe

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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We hypothesized that bacterial populations growing in the absence of antibiotics will accumulate more resistance gene mutations than bacterial populations growing in the presence of antibiotics. If this is so, the prevalence of dysfunctional resistance genes (resistance pseudogenes) could provide a measure of the level of antibiotic exposure present in a given environment. As a proof-of-concept test, we assayed field strains of Escherichia coli for their resistance genotypes using a resistance gene microarray and further characterized isolates that had resistance phenotype-genotype discrepancies. We found a small but significant association between the prevalence of isolates with resistance pseudogenes and the lower antibiotic use environment of a beef cow-calf operation versus a higher antibiotic use dairy calf ranch (Fisher's exact test, P ‫؍‬ 0.044). Other significant findings include a very strong association between the dairy calf ranch isolates and phenotypes unexplained by well-known resistance genes (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.0001). Two novel resistance genes were discovered in E. coli isolates from the dairy calf ranch, one associated with resistance to aminoglycosides and one associated with resistance to trimethoprim. In addition, isolates resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins but negative for bla CMY-2 had mutations in the promoter regions of the chromosomal E. coli ampC gene consistent with reported overexpression of native AmpC beta-lactamase. Similar mutations in hospital E. coli isolates have been reported worldwide. Prevalence or rates of E. coli ampC promoter mutations may be used as a marker for high expanded-spectrum cephalosporin use environments.

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supporting

confidence: 53%

Genotypic-Phenotypic Discrepancies between Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics of Escherichia coli Isolates from Calves in Management Settings with High and Low Antibiotic Use

Davis

Besser

Orfe

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Previous studies analyzing the presence of cephalosporin resistance genes in pig farms in Spain described the presence of different bla genes, with SHV-12 being the most frequent (22), which is a completely different picture from what is found in other European countries, where SHV-12 is associated with human infections (23). Results from this study have shown the coexistence of many different resistance genes within one farm.…”

Section: Figcontrasting

confidence: 64%

Impact of the Use of β-Lactam Antimicrobials on the Emergence of Escherichia coli Isolates Resistant to Cephalosporins under Standard Pig-Rearing Conditions

Cameron-Veas

Solà-Ginés

Moreno

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The aim of this study was to evaluate if the treatments with ceftiofur and amoxicillin are risk factors for the emergence of cephalosporin resistant (CR) E. coli in a pig farm during the rearing period. One hundred 7-day-old piglets were divided into two groups, a control (n ‫؍‬ 50) group and a group parenterally treated with ceftiofur (n ‫؍‬ 50). During the fattening period, both groups were subdivided in two. A second treatment with amoxicillin was administered in feed to two of the four groups, as follows: group 1 (untreated, n ‫؍‬ 20), group 2 (treated with amoxicillin, n ‫؍‬ 26), group 3 (treated with ceftiofur, n ‫؍‬ 20), and group 4 (treated with ceftiofur and amoxicillin, n ‫؍‬ 26). During treatment with ceftiofur, fecal samples were collected before treatment (day 0) and at days 2, 7, 14, 21, and 42 posttreatment, whereas with amoxicillin, the sampling was extended 73 days posttreatment. CR E. coli bacteria were selected on MacConkey agar with ceftriaxone (1 mg/liter). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), MICs of 14 antimicrobials, the presence of cephalosporin resistance genes, and replicon typing of plasmids were analyzed. Both treatments generated an increase in the prevalence of CR E. coli, which was statistically significant in the treated groups. Resistance diminished after treatment. A total of 47 CR E. coli isolates were recovered during the study period; of these, 15 contained bla CTX-M-1 , 10 contained bla CTX-M-14 , 4 contained bla CTX-M-9 , 2 contained bla CTX-M-15 , and 5 contained bla SHV-12 . The treatment with ceftiofur and amoxicillin was associated with the emergence of CR E. coli during the course of the treatment. However, by the time of finishing, CR E. coli bacteria were not recovered from the animals.

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“…In the Netherlands, Overdevest et al (2011) and Leversteinvan Hall et al (2011) reported 80 and 94% prevalence of ESBLs-producing E. coli in chicken meat and raw meat, respectively. Escudero et al (2010), Schmid et al (2013), Adenaike et al (2013), Ben Sallem et al (2012) and Guandong and Avci (2013) reported 72, 21.4, 45, 13.8 and 44.4% prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli from pigs in Spain, beef cattle in Germany, roasted beef in Nigeria, foodproducing animals in Tunisia and food of animal origin in Turkey, respectively. The isolation prevalence of ESBLresistant E. coli (8.7%) in this study is lower when compared with those of the previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Antibiogram of Generic Extended-Spectrum β-Lactam-Resistant Enterobacteria in Healthy Pigs

et al. 2015

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This study was conducted to isolate generic extended-spectrum β-lactam (ESBL)-resistant enterobacteria from pigs reared in Enugu State Southeast, Nigeria and determine the antibacterial resistance profile of the isolates. Rectal swabs were collected from 190, randomly selected, apparently healthy pigs. Isolation of ESBL-resistant enterobacteria was done using Mac Conkey agar supplemented with 2 µg/ml of cefotaxime. Phenotypic characterization of the isolates to generic level was done following standard biochemical methods. Phenotypic resistance of the isolates to antibacterial agents was determined using the disc diffusion method. Out of 46 ESBL-resistant enterobacterial isolates, 4 (8.7%) were Escherichia coli, 11 (23.9%) were Salmonella species, while 31 (67.4%) were Klebsiella species. Resistance of the Salmonella isolates was 45.5% to ciprofloxacin, 36.4% to ofloxacin and levofloxacin, 9.1% to norfloxacin, amikacin and gentamicin, 27.3% to streptomycin, 72.7% to chloramphenicol and 90.9% to tetracycline. Resistance of the Klebsiella isolates was 93.5% to ampicillin, 12.9% to ciprofloxacin, 19.4% to ofloxacin and levofloxacin, 9.7% to norfloxacin and streptomycin, 64.5% to chloramphenicol and 38.7% to tetracycline. Resistance of the E. coli isolates was 100% to gentamicin, 75% to ampicillin and streptomycin, 50% to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline, and 25% to ofloxacin, levofloxacin and amikacin. All the isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, cefpodoxime, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and aztreonam. Resistance of the isolates to more than 3 classes of antibacterial agents tested was 54.8% for Klebsiella, 90.9% for Salmonella and 100% for E. coli, respectively. This study has shown that pigs reared in Enugu State Southeast, Nigeria, are colonized by ESBL-resistant Enterobactericeae and are potential reservoirs and disseminators of these organisms.

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Resistance mechanisms and farm-level distribution of fecal Escherichia coli isolates resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in pigs in Spain

Cited by 37 publications

References 17 publications

Genotypic-Phenotypic Discrepancies between Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics of Escherichia coli Isolates from Calves in Management Settings with High and Low Antibiotic Use

Genotypic-Phenotypic Discrepancies between Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics of Escherichia coli Isolates from Calves in Management Settings with High and Low Antibiotic Use

Impact of the Use of β-Lactam Antimicrobials on the Emergence of Escherichia coli Isolates Resistant to Cephalosporins under Standard Pig-Rearing Conditions

Prevalence and Antibiogram of Generic Extended-Spectrum β-Lactam-Resistant Enterobacteria in Healthy Pigs

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