Resistance in Chickpea to<i>Phytophthora megasperma</i>f. sp.<i>medicaginis</i>

Brinsmead, R. B.; Rettke, M. L.; Irwin, J. A. G.; Ryley, M. J.; Langdon, P. W.

doi:10.1094/pd-69-504

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…To date, little waterlogging tolerance has been discovered in cultivated or wild chickpea [12,20,21]. Sourcing wild Cicer accessions with beneficial root traits, which infer waterlogging tolerance and PRR resistance, is ongoing [14,22]. Agronomic practices such as soil amelioration and incorporating large deep rooting crops into the farming system can improve the soil structure and water filtration, thus also reducing the risk of waterlogging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cause of Death: Phytophthora or Flood? Effects of Waterlogging on Phytophthora medicaginis and Resistance of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

et al. 2021

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Chickpea production in Australia is constrained by both waterlogging and the root disease Phytophthora root rot (PRR). Soil saturation is an important pre-condition for significant disease development for many soil-borne Phytophthora spp. In wet years, water can pool in low lying areas within a field, resulting in waterlogging, which, in the presence of PRR, can result in a significant yield loss for Australian chickpea varieties. In these circumstances, the specific cause of death is often difficult to discern, as the damage is rapid and the spread of PRR can be explosive in nature. The present study describes the impact of soil waterlogging on oxygen availability and the ability of P. medicaginis to infect chickpea plants. Late waterlogging in combination with PRR reduced the total plant biomass by an average of 94%; however, waterlogging alone accounted for 88% of this loss across three reference genotypes. Additional experiments found that under hypoxic conditions associated with waterlogging, P. medicaganis did not proliferate as determined by zoospore counts and DNA detection using qPCR. Consequently, minimizing waterlogging damage through breeding and agronomic practices should be a key priority for integrated disease management, as waterlogging alone results in plant stunting, yield loss and a reduced resistance to PRR.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cause of Death: Phytophthora or Flood? Effects of Waterlogging on Phytophthora medicaginis and Resistance of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

et al. 2021

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“…Furthermore, some PRR disease assessments (dryland PRR score at 125 DAS, irrigated row stunting) provided better predictors of yields (r 2 0.85-0.87) than Pm inoculum measures. The primacy of disease effects on yield was not unexpected given the scale of PRR disease on chickpea plant survival and associated grain production (Brinsmead et al 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora root rot of chickpea: inoculum concentration and seasonally dependent success for qPCR based predictions of disease and yield loss

Bithell

Moore

Herdina

et al. 2020

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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Phytophthora root rot (PRR) caused by Phytophthora medicaginis (Pm) is an important disease of chickpea in Australia. There are limited control options, with avoiding planting chickpeas in paddocks with a high PRR risk a key management strategy. Currently, risk assessment is based solely on paddock history of PRR, without any measure of Pm inoculum. We developed a qPCR test to quantify Pm inoculum concentrations in soil and evaluated its ability to predict, prior to planting, PRR disease and yield loss in chickpea. The qPCR test was specific to Pm and did not cross react with other Phytophthora species found in Australian agricultural systems and was sensitive, being able to detect <1 Pm oospore/g soil. A field experiment showed no correlation between Pm DNA concentration at seeding and PRR development on the susceptible chickpea variety, Sonali. Field experiments with Yorker, a PRR moderately resistant variety, showed Pm DNA concentration at seeding was correlated with PRR development and grain yield, but relationships varied with season and soil moisture (2015, irrigated r 2 0.752, dryland r 2 0.532; 2017 irrigated r 2 0.52, dryland r 2 0.0005), however above average rainfall in 2016 was highly conducive to PRR and there was no relationship between Pm DNA concentrations at seeding and PRR development or yield. The qPCR could detect moderate to high levels of Pm inoculum, but not low levels capable of causing disease and yield loss in conducive seasons. The Pm qPCR test showed potential to support in-field diagnostics.

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“…As breeding resistant varieties is the most efficient means to overcome the disease problem, the resistance-breeding work by the national chickpea improvement program identified one variety-CPI 56564 (ICC 11870), which had resistance at low, moderate and severe disease conditions. The released varieties developed from this, like Barwon, Norwin, Jimbour, Moti, Yorker, and Kyabra showed only moderate level of resistance (Brinsmead et al 1985). The high level of resistance revealed in wild species like Cicer echinopermum, C. reticulatum and C. judaicum, were incorporated in the present national breeding program (Knights et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Single plant selection for improving root rot disease (Phytophthora medicaginis) resistance in Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.)

Miranda¹

2019

Euphytica

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The root rot caused by Phytophthora medicaginis is a major disease of chickpea in Australia. Grain yield loss of 50 to 70% due to the disease was noted in the farmers' fields and in the experimental plots, respectively. To overcome the problem, resistant single plants were selected from the National Chickpea Multi Environment Trials (NCMET)-Stage 3 (S3) of NCMET-S1 to S3, which were conducted in an artificially infected phytophthora screening field nursery in the Hermitage Research Station, Queensland. The inheritance of resistance of these selected resistant single plants were tested in the next generation in three different trials, (1) at seedling stage in a shade house during the offseason, (2) as bulked single plants and (3) as individual single plants in the disease screening filed nursery during the next season. The results of the tests showed that many of the selected single plants had higher level of resistance and seed yield (P \ 0.05) than the best resistant cultivars used as checks. The single plants with bidirectional expression of anthocyanin pigment, both at the shoot apex and at the base of stem, showed higher level of resistance than plants without it. The results also indicated certain level of heterozygosityinduced heterogeneity, which could cause higher levels of susceptibility, if the selected single plants were not screened further for the disease resistance in advanced generation/s. The genetics of resistance to PRR disease was confirmed as quantitative in nature. Keywords Polygenic Á Back cross Á Disease management Á Interspecific crosses Á Disease resistance Á Breeding method Á Selection technique Á Heterozygosity Á Heterogeneity

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Resistance in Chickpea toPhytophthora megaspermaf. sp.medicaginis

Cited by 27 publications

References 2 publications

Cause of Death: Phytophthora or Flood? Effects of Waterlogging on Phytophthora medicaginis and Resistance of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

Cause of Death: Phytophthora or Flood? Effects of Waterlogging on Phytophthora medicaginis and Resistance of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

Phytophthora root rot of chickpea: inoculum concentration and seasonally dependent success for qPCR based predictions of disease and yield loss

Single plant selection for improving root rot disease (Phytophthora medicaginis) resistance in Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.)

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