Resistance Gene Analogs in the Brassicaceae: Identification, Characterization, Distribution, and Evolution

Tirnaz, Soodeh; Bayer, Philipp E.; Inturrisi, Fabian; Zhang, Fangning; Yang, Hua; Dolatabadian, Aria; Neik, Ting Xiang; Severn‐Ellis, Anita A.; Patel, Dhwani A.; Ibrahim, Mohamed I.; Pradhan, Aneeta; Edwards, David; Batley, Jacqueline

doi:10.1104/pp.20.00835

Cited by 39 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Here, the content of LysM of RLKs and RLPs is extremely low in the studied species. Similarly, the number of LysM-RLKs and LysM-RLPs is also very low in previous reports across species from the Brassicaceae family [ 60 ]. To date, the highest number (17) of LysM-RLKs have been separately observed in L. japonicas and M. truncatula [ 61 , 62 ], followed by G. max and P. trichocarpa with 12 and 11 genes, respectively [ 63 ], while less than 10 genes have been observed in A. thaliana (5 genes) and O. sativa (6 genes) [ 62 , 63 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Similarly, a higher number of LRR-RLKs has also been identified in polyploid T. aestivum and G. max , with 531 and 467 genes, respectively [ 48 , 57 , 58 , 59 ], and allotetraploid B. napus cv. Darmor V4 (596 genes) [ 60 ]. Accordingly, the LRR-RLP number in B. juncea is also higher than in the diploids B. rapa and B. nigra analysed in this study and the plants previously reported, including A. thaliana (57) [ 12 ], O. sativa (90) [ 21 ] and P. trichocarpa (82) [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome-Wide Identification and Evolution of Receptor-Like Kinases (RLKs) and Receptor like Proteins (RLPs) in Brassica juncea

Yang

Bayer

Tirnaz

et al. 2020

Biology

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Brassica juncea, an allotetraploid species, is an important germplasm resource for canola improvement, due to its many beneficial agronomic traits, such as heat and drought tolerance and blackleg resistance. Receptor-like kinase (RLK) and receptor-like protein (RLP) genes are two types of resistance gene analogues (RGA) that play important roles in plant innate immunity, stress response and various development processes. In this study, genome wide analysis of RLKs and RLPs is performed in B. juncea. In total, 493 RLKs (LysM-RLKs and LRR-RLKs) and 228 RLPs (LysM-RLPs and LRR-RLPs) are identified in the genome of B. juncea, using RGAugury. Only 13.54% RLKs and 11.79% RLPs are observed to be grouped within gene clusters. The majority of RLKs (90.17%) and RLPs (52.83%) are identified as duplicates, indicating that gene duplications significantly contribute to the expansion of RLK and RLP families. Comparative analysis between B. juncea and its progenitor species, B. rapa and B. nigra, indicate that 83.62% RLKs and 41.98% RLPs are conserved in B. juncea, and RLPs are likely to have a faster evolution than RLKs. This study provides a valuable resource for the identification and characterisation of candidate RLK and RLP genes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification and Evolution of Receptor-Like Kinases (RLKs) and Receptor like Proteins (RLPs) in Brassica juncea

Yang

Bayer

Tirnaz

et al. 2020

Biology

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“…Similarly, the number of NLR genes found in the B. oleracea reference genome TO1000 varied widely where Yu et al (2014) and Fu et al (2019) identified around 150 NLRs while Bayer et al (2019) and Alamery et al (2018) found more than 400 NLR genes, however in a different B. oleracea reference pan genome and genome respectively. These differences were not due to the genome assemblies, but the NLR prediction methods (Tirnaz et al, 2020). Variations in the numbers of NLR genes predicted can affect comparative and evolutionary studies.…”

Section: Genome-wide Identification Of Nlr Genes In Brassica Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison and evolutionary analysis of Brassica nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeat (NLR) genes and importance for disease resistance breeding

2020

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The Brassica genus contains many agriculturally significant oilseed and vegetable crops, however the crop yield is threatened by a range of fungal and bacterial pathogens. Nucleotide Binding Site Leucine Rich Repeat (NLR) genes play important roles in plant innate immunity. The evolution of NLR genes is influenced by genomic processes and pathogen selection. At the whole genome level, whole genome duplications (WGDs) generate abundant gene copies, most of which are lost during genome fractionation. At sub‐genomic levels, some retained copies undergo duplication forming clusters which facilitate rapid evolution through recombination. The number, distribution and genetic variations of the NLR genes vary among Brassica species and within populations suggesting differential selection pressure exerted by pathogen populations throughout the evolutionary history. A study of the evolution of disease resistance genes in agriculturally important plants such as Brassicas helps gain insights into their function and inform the identification of resistance genes for breeding of resistant lines.

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“…Only 13 of these species have published information on their R gene content ( Table 4 ). There are between 87–641 NLRs, 300–1,556 RLKs, and 56–272 RLPs in the genome assemblies [ 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 ] ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Exploring Resistance Genes In Brassica Napus mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Findings Unravel Genes and Genetic Factors Underlying Leptosphaeria maculans Resistance in Brassica napus and Its Relatives

Cantila

Saad

Amas

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Among the Brassica oilseeds, canola (Brassica napus) is the most economically significant globally. However, its production can be limited by blackleg disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Lepstosphaeria maculans. The deployment of resistance genes has been implemented as one of the key strategies to manage the disease. Genetic resistance against blackleg comes in two forms: qualitative resistance, controlled by a single, major resistance gene (R gene), and quantitative resistance (QR), controlled by numerous, small effect loci. R-gene-mediated blackleg resistance has been extensively studied, wherein several genomic regions harbouring R genes against L. maculans have been identified and three of these genes were cloned. These studies advance our understanding of the mechanism of R gene and pathogen avirulence (Avr) gene interaction. Notably, these studies revealed a more complex interaction than originally thought. Advances in genomics help unravel these complexities, providing insights into the genes and genetic factors towards improving blackleg resistance. Here, we aim to discuss the existing R-gene-mediated resistance, make a summary of candidate R genes against the disease, and emphasise the role of players involved in the pathogenicity and resistance. The comprehensive result will allow breeders to improve resistance to L. maculans, thereby increasing yield.

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Resistance Gene Analogs in the Brassicaceae: Identification, Characterization, Distribution, and Evolution

Abstract: A resource of resistance genes analogs within Brassicaceae species identifies functional resistance genes to improve plant breeding programmes.

Cited by 39 publications

References 94 publications

Genome-Wide Identification and Evolution of Receptor-Like Kinases (RLKs) and Receptor like Proteins (RLPs) in Brassica juncea

Genome-Wide Identification and Evolution of Receptor-Like Kinases (RLKs) and Receptor like Proteins (RLPs) in Brassica juncea

Comparison and evolutionary analysis of Brassica nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeat (NLR) genes and importance for disease resistance breeding

Recent Findings Unravel Genes and Genetic Factors Underlying Leptosphaeria maculans Resistance in Brassica napus and Its Relatives

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