Resistance exercise enhances long-term mTORC1 sensitivity to leucine

D’Hulst, Gommaar; Masschelein, Evi; Bock, Katrien De

doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101615

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…According to our finding, a decrement in the serum level of Sesn2 can be attributed to leucine administration because Sesn2 has been defined as a putative leucine sensor in HEK-293 T cells via the inhibition of the GATOR2 subcomplex 57 . and selectively promotes dephosphorylation of Sesn2, causing it to dissociate from and thereby activate GATOR2, leading to the activation of mTORC1 58 .On the other side, TOS was higher in the OC group and didn’t change by the supplement administration, thereby minimally changing when applied simultaneously with resistance training and revealing the larger blunting effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Effect of resistance training plus enriched probiotic supplement on sestrin2, oxidative stress, and mitophagy markers in elderly male Wistar rats

Mohabbat,

Arazi

2024

Sci Rep

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This study aimed to determine the effects of resistance training combined with a probiotic supplement enriched with vitamin D and leucine on sestrin2, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, and mitophagy markers in aged Wistar rats. Thirty-five male rats were randomly assigned to two age groups (old with 18–24 months of age and young with 8–12 weeks of age) and then divided into five groups, including (1) old control (OC: n = 5 + 2 for reserve in all groups), (2) young control (YC: n = 5), (3) old resistance training (OR: n = 5), (4) old resistance training plus supplement (ORS: n = 5), and old supplement group (OS: n = 5). Training groups performed ladder climbing resistance training 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Training intensity was inserted progressively, with values equal to 65, 75, and 85, determining rats' maximal carrying load capacity. Each animal made 5 to 8 climbs in each training session, and the time of each climb was between 12 and 15 s, although the time was not the subject of the evaluation, and the climbing pattern was different in the animals. Old resistance plus supplement and old supplement groups received 1 ml of supplement 5 times per week by oral gavage in addition to standard feeding, 1 to 2 h post training sessions. Forty-eight hours after the end of the training program, 3 ml of blood samples were taken, and all rats were then sacrificed to achieve muscle samples. After 8 weeks of training, total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity levels increased in both interventions. A synergistic effect of supplement with resistance training was observed for total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and PTEN-induced kinase 1. Sestrin 2 decreased in intervention groups. These results suggest that resistance training plus supplement can boost antioxidant defense and mitophagy while potentially decreasing muscle strength loss.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Effect of resistance training plus enriched probiotic supplement on sestrin2, oxidative stress, and mitophagy markers in elderly male Wistar rats

Mohabbat,

Arazi

2024

Sci Rep

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“…Leucine and valine can signal to mTORC1 to drive intracellular signaling cascade responses [ 68 , 69 ], mTORC1-mediated signaling in the nucleus ambiguously directs the development of behavioral sensitivity by MA [ 70 ]. Running wheel exercise with 60% resistance could increase the sensitivity of mTORC1 to leucine [ 71 ]. However, after the start of the aerobic exercise, it becomes more dependent on the catabolism of essential amino acids, such as leucine and valine, for replenishment due to low glycogen stores [ 72 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Intestinal Microbiota with Amino Acids and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Methamphetamine-Induced Mice

Liang

Jin

et al. 2023

Metabolites

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This study aimed to investigate the changes in intestinal homeostasis and metabolism in mice after methamphetamine (MA) administration and exercise intervention. In this study, male C57BL/B6J mice were selected to establish a model of methamphetamine-induced addiction, and the gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and amino acid levels were assessed by 16S rRNA, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The results showed that 23 dominant microbiota, 12 amino acids, and 1 SCFA were remarkably higher and 9 amino acids and 6 SCFAs were remarkably lower in the exercise model group than in the control group. Among the top 10 markers with opposite trends between the exercise intervention group and model group, the differential microbiomes included Oscillibacter, Alloprevotella, Colidextribacter, Faecalibaculum, Uncultured, Muribaculaceae, and Negativibacillus; amino acids included proline; and SCFAs included isovaleric acid and pentanoic acid. Proline was negatively correlated with Negativibacillus and positively correlated with pentanoic acid. The results suggested that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise may modulate changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and the levels of amino acids and SCFAs induced by MA administration.

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“…These results are distinct from the hypertrophy-inducing phenotype of constitutively active Rac1 in cardiac muscle [10][11][12] . The role of Rac1 in mediating muscle growth in response to other stimuli, such as resistance-type exercise 65 or amino acids will be an interesting avenue for future research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rho GTPase Rac1 mediates exercise training adaptations

Raun,

Henriquez-Olguín,

Frank

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Exercise training elicits tremendous health benefits; however, the molecular underpinnings are poorly understood. As one of the most regulated groups of proteins following acute exercise in human muscle, Rho GTPases are unexplored candidates for mediating the beneficial effects of exercise. The Rho GTPase Rac1 was activated during multiple exercise modalities and remained elevated hours after resistance exercise in human muscle. Inducible muscle-specific Rac1 knockout (Rac1 imKO) mice, displayed attenuated muscle protein synthesis, glycogen resynthesis and p38 MAPK signaling in recovery from contractions. Exercise training upregulated Rac1 protein content in human and mouse muscle. Overexpression of hyperactive Rac1 elevated reactive oxidant species production during exercise yet did not induce a trained muscle phenotype. In Rac1 imKO mice, the improvements in running capacity and muscle mass after exercise training were diminished. Using gain- and loss-of-function mouse models and human muscle biopsies, we identify Rac1 as a regulator of exercise training adaptions.HighlightsVarious exercise modalities activate Rac1 signaling in human skeletal muscle.HSP27, MNK1, and CREB are Rac1-dependent contraction-responsive targets in muscle.Post-contraction protein synthesis requires Rac1 but not NOX2.Rac1-NOX2 signaling is necessary for post-contraction glycogen resynthesis.Exercise training increases Rac1 protein content in human and mouse muscles.Rac1 mediates critical adaptations to exercise training.

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Resistance exercise enhances long-term mTORC1 sensitivity to leucine

Cited by 14 publications

References 64 publications

Effect of resistance training plus enriched probiotic supplement on sestrin2, oxidative stress, and mitophagy markers in elderly male Wistar rats

Effect of resistance training plus enriched probiotic supplement on sestrin2, oxidative stress, and mitophagy markers in elderly male Wistar rats

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Intestinal Microbiota with Amino Acids and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Methamphetamine-Induced Mice

The Rho GTPase Rac1 mediates exercise training adaptations

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