Resistance and cross-resistance in populations of the leafrollers, Choristoneura rosaceana and Pandemis pyrusana, in Washington apples

Abstract

Insecticide bioassays of the leafrollers, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), and Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), were used to investigate resistance and cross-resistance between azinphosmethyl and other insecticides. Comparisons of field-collected populations with susceptible laboratory colonies of both leafroller species were made in 1996–97, prior to registration and field introduction of several of insecticides, and were re-tested in 2000–2001 following several years of use in the field. Insecticides tested included azinphosmethyl, chlorpyrifos, methyl parathion, tebufenozide, methoxyfenozide, spinosad, indoxacarb, acetamiprid, Bacillus thuringiensis, and azadirachtin. Azinphosmethyl-susceptible laboratory colonies were used for comparison to field populations. Resistance to azinphosmethyl was found in all populations of C. rosaceana (5.2–26.8 fold) and P. pyrusana (8.4–24.9 fold) collected from commercial orchards. Cross-resistance between azinphosmethyl and the insect growth regulators tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide was found in all but one population of the two leafroller species. No cross-resistance was found to chlorpyrifos. Some of the populations tested were cross-resistant to spinosad and indoxacarb, but the responses to these materials were more variable.

The spinosyn family of insecticides: realizing the potential of natural products research

“…108 Variable degrees of cross-resistance in a variety of pest species between spinosad and some, but not all, other agents have been reported. [109][110][111][112][113][114] Despite the many differences in details, the overriding conclusion of most studies is that rotation of different mechanistic classes of insecticides is critical to manage resistance problems. Combinations of insecticides have also been considered as means to minimize resistance.…”

Susceptibility of <I>Choristoneura rosaceana</I> (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to Two New Reduced-Risk Insecticides

“…However, reports of decreasing efÞcacy of OP insecticides against leafrollers have been attributed to the development of insecticide resistance (Brunner 1996). Insecticide resistance to OPs and cross-resistance to other groups of chemicals have been documented in obliquebanded leafroller (Reissig et al 1986, Lawson et al 1997, Waldstein et al 1999, Ahmad et al 2002, Smirle et al 2002, Dunley et al 2006, in some cases even before the new insecticides had been used in the Þeld (Sauphanor et al 1998, Dunley andWelter 2000). In addition, the implementation of Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 (FQPA) (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA] 1996) has increased restrictions on the use of broad-spectrum insecticides, especially the OPs.…”

Negative Cross Resistance of Leucinodes orbonalis Population of Brinjal to Newer Molecule Spinetoram 12 SC W/V (11.7 W/W)

“…Since toxicity of many insecticides decline as larvae age (Mayuravalli et al, 1985;Rao and Dhingra, 1996), insecticides should be applied against early larva stages to maximize control efficacy. Variable degrees of crossresistance in a variety of pest species between spinosad and other few insecticides have been reported (Dunley et al, 2006;Magna et al, 2007;Lambkin and Rice, 2007;Bielza, 2007;Sayyed et al, 2008b).…”